health and safety plan solid waste management unit assessment

STODDARD SOLVENT 67-16
67.3.2 Human and Epidemiologic Studies
67.3.2.1 Short-term Toxicologic Effects
Stoddard solvent is an eye, nose and throat irritant in humans.
Acute exposure to high vapor concentrations can cause headaches and
produce narcotic effects (38). Pedersen and Cohr (1975) found that 6
hour exposures to vapor levels of 50-200 ppm white spirit produced
dryness of the mucous membranes, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
and fatigue. In another study, one of six volunteers exposed to a
vapor level of 150 ppm for If minutes experienced eye irritation while
all six reported irritation after 15 minutes at 470 ppm. Two subjects
at this level also reported slight dizziness (1970).
Inhalation of 17-49 ppm 140 flash aliphatic solvent 15 minutes per
day for 2 days caused slight temporary dryness of the eyes (1971).
Acute exposure
reaction time and
to Stoddard solvent was also found to prolong
impair short-term memory for visual stimuli. The
subjects were exposed to vapor levels of 4000 mg/m3 for 35-40 minutes
(1976).
(38).
De&l exposures to the liquid have caused dermatitis and jaundice
67.3.2.2 Chronic Toxicologic Effects
Industrial exposures to unknown but fairly high concentrations
over long periods have resulted in headaches, eye, nose and throat
irritation, fatigue, bone marrow hypoplasia, and in extreme cases,
death (38).
NIOSH (1967) has reported numerous cases of long-term dermal and
inhalation exposure.
Scott & &. (2332) reported 4 cases of aplastic anemia in
individuals known to have been exposed to Stoddard solvent. Three of
these cases were fatal. In the first fatality, Stoddard solvent and
carbon tetrachloride exposures occurred 2 or 3 times a month for a
2-year period. At this time the patient experienced excessive uterine
bleeding, purpura and moderate bone marrow hypoplasia. At autopsy,
focal hyperplasia was found. In the second case, dermal exposure to
Stoddard solvent occurred 4 or 5 times a week during a 6 month period.
This individual had also been taking diphenhydramine and
tripelennamine hydrochloride for several years to control seasonal
allergies. Two months after exposure ended, symptoms of anemia were
seen. Autopsy revealed moderate bone marrow hypoplasia (2332).
In the third fatal case, dermal exposure occurred over a 2-year
period. symptoms included purpura, pallor, fatigue and slightly
hypoplastic bone marrow. Autopsy findings revealed marked hypoplasia.
The patient had denied using other potentially toxic solvents (2332).
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