health and safety plan solid waste management unit assessment

. ETHYLENE GLYCOL 43-12
Rats maintained on a diet containing 1 or 2% ethylene glycol,
developed calcium oxalate bladderstones and severe renal injury and
degeneration (1039).
43.3.2 Hw and Epidemiologic Studies
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43.3.2;1 Short-term Toxicologic Effects
The primary route of&exposure to ethylene glycol in humans is by
accidental 'or deliberate ingestion; Ingestion of about 100 mL can be
fatal (12). The effects of ethylene glycol poisoning usually appear in
three distinct phases. The onset of the first stage begins
approximately 30 minutes to 12 hours following ingestion and
predominately affects the CNS. With small doses, the victim appears
drunk, but without the odor of alcohol on the breath; with large doses,
stupor; coma, convulsions and 'p'ossible death occur within the first 24
hours. If the individual survives beyond the initial 12-24 hours,
cardiopulmonary signs bacoms prominent. This phase is characterized by
tachypnaa, cyanosis, pulmonary edema and possible death within the next
24 hours. The, final stage primarily affects the renal system and
includes such signs and symptoms as flank pain, metabolic acidosis and
anuria. Death may occur as late as 17 days post-ingestion (12).
Acute levels of ethylene glycol in the human body may lead to
various metabolic problems. A 24-year-old man deliberately ingested an
unknown quantity of ethylene glycol. The victim developed pulmonary
edema and a &creased pulmonary compliance that fit the criteria for
the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ADDS). Although many deaths
from ethylene glycol have been attributed to cardiopulmonary
dysfunction, this case is unusual because it represents a respiratory
dysfunction in the presence of normal cardiac function (1025).
Cieciura (1026) examined renal biopsies of five patients with
acute ethylene glycol poisoning on days 5, 10, 16 and 22 of hospitalization.
Extensive calcium oxala-te and carbonate crystals were present
in the glomerular interloop spaces of the kidney which exerted
mechanical as well as toxic effect on surrounding tissue. The crystals
were shown to persist until 22 days post-ingestion.
Edelhauser & a. (1027) studied the effects of high
concentrations of ethylene glycol on human corneas in culture. No
damage to the cornea1 endothelium was reported when up to 5000 ppm
ethylene glycol was exposed directly on the cornea for 2 hours.
43.3.2.2 Chronic Toxicologic Effects
Chronic exposure to ethylene glycol is rare in humans. Symptoms
are generally listed as anorexia, oliguria, nystagmus, lymphocytosis
and loss of consciousness (54).
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