health and safety plan solid waste management unit assessment

STODDARD SOLVENT 67-14
incidence
conducted
were comparable to
by API also reported
historical
negative
controls
results in
(1969).
rats.
A study
No details
were given (2308).
67.3.1.4 Other Toxicologic Effects
67.3.1.4.1 Short-term Toxicity
Stoddard solvent vapor is a mild na&otic and a mucous membrane
irritant (46). A comprehensive series of studies have been conducted
by Carpenter and associates (1970) to evaluate the toxicity of both
Stoddard solvent and 140 flash.aliphatfc solvent. The Stoddard solvent
used had a flash point of 109'F (43'C) and a boiling range of 307-382'F
(153-194.C). Rats had no ill effects after 8 hours at 420 ppm while
the no-effect level for dogs was 510 ppm in the same time period.
Eight hours at 1400 ppm was not lethal to rats but signs included
eye irritation, bloody exudate around the nostrils and slight loss of
coordination. Similar signs were seen after exposure to 800 ppm for 8
hours, but there was no loss of coordination (1970). A female beagle
exposed to 1400 ppm had eye irritation, salivation, tremors and convulsions
within a S hour period while a second was asymptomatic during
and after the 8 hour inhalation period. Both animals survived. All
cats inhaling 1700 ppm died within an 8 hour exposure period (1970).
The 140 flash aliphatic solvent had a boiling range of 363-402-F
(183-206’C). Exposure to vapor levels of 33 or 43 ppm for 8 hours had
no effect on either dogs or rats, respectively. Cats exposed to vapor
levels of 43 ppm for 6 hours also had no adverse effects (1971).
Rector & A. exposed rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs and monkeys
to mineral spirits which met Stoddard solvent specifications. The
animals were exposed 8 hours daily, 5 days per week for a total of 30
exposures to vapor levels of 290 ppm. The only effects seen were minor
congestion and emphysema of guinea pig lungs (1972).
Grant reported that Stoddard solvent caused little injury on
direct contact with the rabbit eye (19).
67.3.1.4.2 Chronic Toxicity
There is evidence that long-term exposure to Stoddard solvent
causes toxic effects on the kidneys of male rats. These changes are
limited to the proximal portion of the tubule and are characterized by
an increase in the incidence of regenerative tubular epithelia and
hyalin droplet nephropathy (2309). some rat strains appear to be more
susceptible than others. The predisposition of male rats to the
occurrence of hyalin droplets is thought to be related to the large
amount of protein excreted by the male kidney (2309).
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