health and safety plan solid waste management unit assessment

STODDARD SOLVENT 67-15
#en Sprague-Dawley and Fischer 344 rats of both sexes were
exposed to Stoddard solvent vapor at concentrations of 100 or 800 ppm,
6 hours daily, 5 days per week for 8 weeks, kidney changes were seen in
males only. The Fischer 344 rats appeared to be slightly more
responsive than were the Sprague-Dawley rats. The primary structural
change was an increased incidence of regenerative tubular epithelia in
the cortex. At the corticomedullary junction there were dilated
tubules filled with proteinaceous material. Changes in urine
parameters were observed after 4 to 8 weeks of exposure. In male rats,
these included a reduction in urine concentrating ability, an increase
in total urine protein and glucose and an increase in the*excretion of
epithelia cells in the urine. None of these changes were observed in
female rats (2309).
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Phillips and Egan (1974) exposed Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes
to dearomatized white spirit (flash point 104'F/40'C) at vapor levels
of 300 or 900 ppm 6 hours daily, 5 days per week for up to 12 weeks.
They observed nephrotoxicity in male rats only from both exposure
groups. The effects began 4 weeks after the onset of exposure and were
indicative of mild tubular toxicity. The incidence and severity
increased with increasing concentrations and exposure duration. There
were no other significant toxic effects.
In a similar study, Carpenter (1970) exposed male rats to 330 ppm
for 65 days on the same dosing schedule and observed marked tubular
regeneration which they attributed in part to the inherent murine
nephrosis of the Harlan-Wistar rats employed. Phillips and Egan (1974)
upon re-evaluation of Carpenter's data, found the kidney changes to be
identical to those observed in their study. They concluded that the
hydrocarbons eliciting the most pronounced renal tubular changes have a
boiling range of 120-200'C and a carbon length of CB-Cll.
In a 12-month study, male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to vapor
levels of 6500 mg/ma white spirit, 8 hours daily, 5 days per week had a
decreased urinary concentrating ability, a decreased net acid excretion
following a mild ammonium chloride load and an increased urinary .
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity all of which indicate an
alteration, in the distal tubule of the kidney (1973).
No toxic effects were reported in male Harlan-Wistar rats exposed
to 140 flash aliphatic solvent at vapor levels of up to 37 ppm, 6 hours
daily 9 5 days per week for 72 days or in dogs exposed for 73 days
(1971).
In a 28-day dermal toxicity study, Stoddard solvent was classified
as a moderate irritant in male and female animals (species was not
reported) at a dose of 200 mg/kg. At a dose of 1000 mg/kg, yt ;; ;
moderate irritant to females and a severe irritant to males.
severe irritant to both sexes at 2000 mg/kg (2310).
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