health and safety plan solid waste management unit assessment

EmYLENE GLYCOL 43-10
ethylene glycol. CD-l mice also exposed to 1000 or 2500 q/m3 ethylene
glycol experienced reduced body weight and reduced ossification at
numerous skeletal locations. Teratogenicity was demonstrated at both
of these concentrations in mice as shown by a statistically significant
increase of external, visceral and skeletal malformations. Predominant
terata included exencephaly, cleft palate, abnormal faces and facial
bones, fused vertebrae and abnormal ribs.
A possible mechanism of action for the teratogenic effects of
ethylene glycol has been proposed by Lamb (1019). A metabolite of
ethylene glycol, oxalic acid, is known to chelate calcium. Lamb
suggests that this calcium chelation may lead to hypocalcemia and may
act upon fetal development by altering the biological supply of the
calcium cation.
43.3.1.4 Other Toxicologic Effects
43.3.1.4.1 Short-term Toxicity
Ingestion of ethylene glycol generally results in depression
followed by respiratory and cardiac 'failure, renal damage and possibly
brain damage (54). The oral LD,, for mice is listed as 7500 mg/kg
(47). Inhalation of ethylene glycol primarily results in depression of
the CNS and hematopoietic dysfunction but rarely results in death (54).
No LC,, value was found in the literature for ethylene glycol. The
dermal LD,, is listed as 19,530 mg/kg in rabbits (47).
Typical signs of ethylene glycol poisoning are best exemplified in
the dog. Dogs were orally given 6 ml ethylene glycol per kilogram of
body weight. Signs included incoordination, increased depth and rate
of respiration and increased heart rate. As progression of the poisoning
continued, collapse and labored breathing ensued. Coma and
death occurred within 37 hours. Necropsy revealed pulmonary and
gastric hyperemia, severe toxic tubular nephrosis and renal oxalosis
(1022). One to three hours after feeding dogs 9.5 ml ethylene glycol
per kilogram of body weight, Grauer & &. (1023) observed depression,
incoordination and increased fluid intake and urine output. Severe
metabolic acidosis developed as the osmolal and anion gap increased.
Within 6 hours, calcium oxalate crystalluria was obsemed, but it was
not until 48 hours post-ingestion that a diminished renal excretory
function was seen.
McDonald s A. (1046) injected 0.5 ml of 0, 0.004, 0.04, 0.4, 4
or 40% ethylene glycol solution into the cornea1 shelf of albino New
Zealand rabbits. One treatment per day was given for 5 days. The 0.4%
solution was found to be the highest concentration that was nontoxic
and non-irritating. Irritation resulting from the 4 and 40% solutions
consisted of swelling, discharge and conjunctival redness. All eyes
returned to normal within 7 days of the last treatment. No evidence of
systemic toxicity was observed.
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