health and safety plan solid waste management unit assessment

STODDARD SOLVENT 67-13
to evaporate before penetrating the soil. Obviously, such an exposure
scenario requires a substantial release of Stoddard solvent into the
soil, and is more likely to occur if the solvent is being handled in
bulk rather than in drums.
67.2.4 Other Sources of Human Exposure
Data on the ambient concentrations of Stoddard solvent in air and
water as well as in food and drinking water are not readily available
in the literature. Exposure information on some specific components
may be found' in other chapters of this guide. Croups expected to
receive the largest exposure to Stoddard solvent include those who use
it as a solvent cleaner. Inhalation exposures are likely, as are
dermal exposures if protective gloves and clothing are not worn. The
same is also true for those using paints or paint thirmers that contain
Stoddard solvent. Dry cleaners using Stoddard solvent can also expect
to experience inhalation and dermal exposures. Although traces of the
solvent may remain on clothes after dry cleaning,. inhalation and dermal
exposures that result from wearing dry-cleaned clothes are not expected
to be significant.
67.3 HUMAN HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS
67.3.1 Animal Studies
67.3.1.1 Carcinogenicity
There are no carcinogenicity data available for Stoddard solvent.
67.3.1.2 Mutagenicity
Stoddard solvent is not mutagenic in either f~ B or b m
sys tame. The American Petroleum Institute evaluated Stoddard solvent
in 3 tests (1914). In the Ames assay, there was no significant
increase in the numbers of revertant colonies of m m
strains TA98, 100, 1535, 1537 or 1538 both with and without microsomal
activation. Negative results were also reported in the L5178Y mouse
lymphoma assay and in a dominant lethal assay in which CD rats .were
administered ip doses of 0.087, 0.289 or 0.868 ~&/kg/day for 5 days.
Cochet pf &. (1968) reported negative results in the micronucleus test
on mouse bone marrow cells and in the 19 m induction of sister
chromatfd exchange in human lympohocytes.
67.3.1.3 Teratogenicity, Embryotoxicity and Reproductive Effects
In one study, there wore no treatment-related effects on
Lmplantation, fetal resorption or number of viable femme after mated
female CD rate were exposed to vapor levels of 100 or 300 ppm 6 hours
daily on days 6 through 15 of gestation. In the high exposure group
there was a statistically significant increase in the total incidence
of fetuses with ossification variation but the types and relative
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