health and safety plan solid waste management unit assessment

STODDARD SOLVENT
The fourth case was an individual who had used a Stoddard-type
solvent in a large open tub, once a year for 20 years, usually indoors.
A slight reduction in all formed blood elements was seen. Ihe patient
survived after a splenectomy was performed. The authors concluded that
these cases implicated Stoddard-type solvents as possible myelotoxic
agents but since no information was given on solvent composition, it is
not possible to rule out other myelotoxic compounds such as benzene
(2332).
Dermal exposure to, undiluted Stoddard solvent for 10 weeks resulted
tests
in follicular dermatitis
revealed latent jaundice
and jaundice.
and possibly
One year after exposure,
permanent liver damage
(2333).
67.3.3 Levels of Concern
OSHA (298) currently permits exposure to 500 ppm as an 8-hour
time-weighted-average. The ACGIH (3,) has set a time-weighted-average
of 100 ppm, with a short-term exposure limit of 200 ppm.
67.3.4 Hazard Assessment
No carcinogenicity tests have been conducted for Stoddard solvent.
Mutagenicity data are negative for bacteria and mammalian cells in
culture; negative results were also obtained in a rat dominant lethal
study and mouse micronucleus test (1914,1968).
.
Exposure of pregnant rats to vapor levels of 300 ppm, 6 hours
daily during gestation was without effect (1969).
Animal studies indicate mild narcotic effects and irritation of
mucous membranes with acute exposure (46). Long-term exposures result
in kidney damage (2309), particularly in male rats. The incidence and
severity of renal toxicity appeared to increase with concentration and
exposure duration (1974,2309,1970).
In humans, acute exposure produce eye, nose and throat irritation,
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and fatigue (38.1975). High vapor
concentrations can produce headaches and narcotic effects (38).
Prolonged industrial exposures to very high concentrations of Stoddard
solvent have been linked to fatigue and bone marrow hypoplasia
(38,1967); it is unclear, however, if other myelotoxic solvents were
also involved.
67.4 SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS CONSIDEWUIIONS
Determination of the presence of Stoddard solvent in soil and
water requires collection of a representative field sample and laboratory
analysis for the specific major components attributed to Stoddard
solvent; however, the relative concentrations of the constituents, and
even the constituents themselves, will vary with time and distance from
6/87