health and safety plan solid waste management unit assessment

FUEL OILS 66-21
duration of exposure. Dose-related effects in neurological testing
indicate that the uncombusted diesel vapors may also act as a
neurodepressant (2334).
In acute dermal studies conducted in rabbits, number 6 heavy fuel
oil (API gravity 5.2/1.2% sulfur) induced significant signs of toxicity
at 5 g/kg. It caused severe dermal irritation, weight loss, anorexia,
ataxia and lethargy. Mortality was 37.5%. Necropsy revealed acute
toxic hepatitis, gastrointestinal irritation and congested lungs.
Other grades of number 6 and number 2 oils as well as diesel oil
produced mild to moderate dermal irritation but no systemic signs of
toxicity (1924).
In the subacute dermal study, doses ranging from 1 to 10 mL/kg
were applied to rabbits clipped free of hair. The area remained
bandaged for 24 hours at which time the patches were removed and a new
dose applied. This continued for 5 consecutive days followed by a 2
day rest period and a repeat application for S consecutive days. In
this test, the number 6 fuel oil (API gravity 5.1/1.2% sulfur) produced
the greatest degree of toxicity at the lowest dose (75% mortality at
2.5 mL/kg). Clinical signs included severe weight loss, anorexia and
signs of dermal irritation. Gross necropsy revealed hemorrhagic
gastroenteritis, and congested, mottled livers with multifocal necrosis
and centrilobular vacuolar degeneration. In all cases, the number 6
oils caused inflammation, dermal congestion and edema, dennal necrosis,
acanthosis and parakeratosis. Liver necrosis and degeneration were
also seen but the severity was not as great as that with .5.1/1.2%
sulfur. All 3 number 2 oils caused weight loss, anorexia and various
degrees of dermal irritation. At a dose of 10 mL/kg, mortality ranged
from 75 to 100%. Gross necropsy lesions at all dosage levels included
renal and hepatic congestion, At the 10 mL/kg level, multifocal
hepatic necrosis was observed (1924).
In primary dermal irritation tests, the number 2 oils were
moderately irritating while the number 6 oils were minimally to
slightly irritating. Diesel .fuel was. extremely irritating. signs
included severe erythema and edema with blistering and open sores. The
test was conducted by applying 0.5 mL of undiluted material to abraded
rabbit skin. The. test was then covered for 24 hours at which point the
bandage was removed and the animals scored according to the Draize
technique (1924).
The number 6 oils were minimally to moderately irritating when 0.1
mL was applied to rabbit eyes. These materials produced conjunctival
redness, swelling and discharge. Few cornea1 opacities were produced
but eyes returned to normal within 72 hours. Diesel fuel was
non-irritating and number 2 oils ranged from practically non-irritating
to mildly irritating (1924).
6/87
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