health and safety plan solid waste management unit assessment

FUEL OILS 66-17
handling operations may experience direct dermal contact if protective
gloves and clothing are not worn. They may also receive small
inhalation exposures from the more volatile components.
66.3 HUMAN HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS
66.3.1 Animal Studies
66.3.1.1 Carcinogenicity
Generally, number 1 and number 2 fuel oils are not carcinogenic
even though they contain aromatic hydrocarbons (2219). In contrast,
industrial fuels such as number 6 oil are residual oils which often
contain highly condensed aromatic products from severe cracking
processes. They may be carcinogenic to animals if they contain PAH
components which boil above 37O'C (2219).
Certain currently available fuel oils may be carcinogenic because
they are derived from the blending of fractions boiling below 37O'C
with those boiling at higher temperatures. Some of these high-boiling
fuels which are derived from catalytic cracking processes may contain
carcinogens (2219).
Studies have demonstrated a direct relationship between tumor
potency and the concentration of high-boiling fractions which are added
to form blends. It was determined that when not more than 10 volume %
of 7OO'F+ catalytic gas oil or clarified oil is present, the tumor
potency values of the blends are less than 20.and therefore have
borderline significance. The tumor potency value is a representation
of the tumor formation rate in response to application to mouse skin.
For a value of 20, 500 days would be required for a 50% tumor response
(1818) (see Table 66-4). Examination of boiling ranges of blended
petroleum products may not provide an accurate assessment of their
carcinogenic potential. In the opinion of Bingham a &. (2219), these
materials are probably carcinogenic and their potency may be
underestimated or overestimated if the diluent contains cocarcinogens
or inhibitors.
Frazier and Mahlum (1819) tested the initiation activity of a fuel
oil blend (FOB) which contained part of a heavy molecular weight
distillate boiling at 288-454'C and 2.9 parts of a distillate boiling
between 176 and 288'C. The FOB (25 mg) was applied to the clipped
backs of CD-1 mice in a 50 PL volume. Two weeks after initiation, the
animals received doses of 5 rg phorbol myristate acetate in 50 PL'
acetone twice weekly for 24 weeks. Negative controls were treated with
acetone. Positive controls were initiated with 50 pg benzo[a]pyrene
(BAP) or dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). The FOB showed significant
initiating activity. Approximately 60 tumors were seen after -170
days. Greater than 200 tumors were observed in the BAP positive
controls. Hydrotreated FOB was also tested in the same manner.
Hydrotreatment has been suggested as a possible method for reducing
biological activity of coal-derived materials. In this group about 17%
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