Current_Trends_and_Related_Challenges_web

Current Trends and Challenges
38
K. Koser and P. Marsden, “Migration and
displacement impacts of Afghan transitions
in 2014: implications for Australia”, Irregular
Migration Research Program Occasional Paper
Series 03/2013 (2013), p. 11; Asia-Pacific RCM
Thematic Working Group on International
Migration including Human Trafficking,
Situation Report on International Migration in
South and South-West Asia (2011), pp. 67–69;
98; Human Rights Watch, Unwelcome Guests:
Iran’s Violation of Afghan Refugee and Migrant
Rights (2013), pp. 24–25; STATT, “Afghan
migration in flux”, Synapse, vol. 10 (2013),
pp. 1, 14; N. van Hear and others, “Drivers of
migration”, Working Paper No. 1 (2012), pp.
24–25.
39
UNODC, Migrant Smuggling in Asia: A Thematic
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40
A. Kaya, “Turkey as an emerging destination
country for immigration”, in Europe, Turkey and
the Mediterranean, A.G. Schmidt and J. Fritz-
Vannahme, eds.
and D. Yükseker, “Rethinking transit migration
in Turkey”, Population, Space and Place, vol. 18
(2012), pp. 441, 443.
41
STATT, “Afghan migration in flux”, Synapse,
vol. 10 (2013), pp. 1, 4–5; A. Triandafyllidou
and T. Maroukis, Migrant Smuggling:
Irregular Migration from Asia and Africa to
Europe (2012), p. 131; UNODC, Transnational
Organized Crime in East Asia and the Pacific:
A Threat Assessment (2013), pp. 41–42, 45;
Wise Strategic Communications, Afghanistan
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Report (2010), pp. 25, 27, 37, 42; Government of
Australia, “Country report: bi-annual – January
to June 2013 as of 7 February 2014”, Voluntary
Reporting System on Migrant Smuggling and
Related Conduct (2014), pp. 29–30.
42
K. Yousef, “The vicious circle of irregular
migration from Pakistan to Greece and back
to Pakistan”, IRMA Background Report (2013),
p. 13; A. Triandafyllidou and T. Maroukis,
Migrant Smuggling: Irregular Migration
from Asia and Africa to Europe (2012),
pp. 129–130; Government of Germany,
Response to questions by UNODC relating to
smuggling of migrants in Asia (2014); Drontex,
Unaccompanied Minors in the Migration
Process (2010), p. 21; STATT, “Afghan migration
in flux”, Synapse, vol. 10 (2013), pp. 1, 4–5;
H. Spinks, “Destination anywhere? Factors
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43
OECD, International Migration Outlook 2012
(2012), pp.160–161.
44
L. Williams, “Indian diversity in the UK”, CARIM-
India Research Report 2013/14 (2013), p. 7.
45
K. Yousef, “The vicious circle of irregular
migration from Pakistan to Greece and back
to Pakistan”, IRMA Background Report (2013),
pp. 15, 18; Government of Belgium, Response
to questions by UNODC relating to smuggling
of migrants in Asia (2014); see also Annex 1;
see also A. Triandafyllidou and T. Maroukis,
Migrant Smuggling: Irregular Migration from
Asia and Africa to Europe (2012), pp. 130, 152–
153, 174.
46
Wise Strategic Communications, Afghanistan
Counter People Smuggling Scoping Study: Final
Report (2010), pp. 25, 27, 37, 42; UNODC,
Transnational Organized Crime in East Asia
and the Pacific: A Threat Assessment (2013),
p. 41–42; Government of Australia, “Country
report: bi-annual – January to June 2013 as of
7 February 2014”, Voluntary Reporting System
on Migrant Smuggling and Related Conduct
(2014), pp. 29–30.
47
IOM, Labour Migration from Colombo Process
Countries (2011), p. 25; STATT, “Afghan
migration in flux”, Synapse, vol. 10 (2013),
pp. 1, 13, 18; R. Ganguly-Scrase and L.
Sheridan, “Dispossession, human security and
undocumented migration: narrative accounts
of Afghani Sri Lankan Tamil asylum seekers”,
in Rethinking Displacement: Asia Pacific
Perspectives, R. Ganguly-Scrase and K. Lahiri-
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