Current_Trends_and_Related_Challenges_web

Migrant Smuggling in Asia
2012 (2012), p. 2; UNODC, Migrant Smuggling
in Asia: A Thematic Review of Literature (2012),
p. 186.
71
Europol, “Facilitated illegal immigration
intelligence bulletin”, Intelligence Bulletin, No.
2 (April 2010), p. 10; Government of Slovakia,
Response to questions by UNODC relating to
smuggling of migrants in Asia (2014); Europol,
“Facilitated illegal immigration intelligence
bulletin”, Intelligence Bulletin, No. 2 (April
2010), p. 11.
72
UNODC, Recent Trends of Human Trafficking
and Migrant Smuggling To and From Pakistan
(2013), p. 36; Europol, “Facilitated illegal
immigration intelligence bulletin”, Intelligence
Bulletin, No. 3 (September 2011), p. 13;
Government of Slovakia, Response to questions
by UNODC relating to smuggling of migrants in
Asia (2014).
73
N. van Hear and others, “Drivers of migration”,
Working Paper No. 1 (2012), pp. 27; UNODC,
Recent Trends of Human Trafficking and
Migrant Smuggling To and From Pakistan
(2013), pp. 52–53.
74
K. Koser, “Why migrant smuggling pays”,
International Migration, vol. 46, No. 2 (2008),
pp. 3, 19.
75
UNODC, Migrant Smuggling in Asia:
Comparative Research on Financial Flows
within Asia and Europe (2013) [restricted
circulation], pp. 43–45.
76
UNODC, Recent Trends of Human Trafficking
and Migrant Smuggling To and From Pakistan
(2013), pp. 52–53.
77
N. van Hear and others, “Drivers of migration”,
Working Paper No. 1 (2012), pp. 27; UNODC,
Recent Trends of Human Trafficking and
Migrant Smuggling To and From Pakistan
(2013), pp. 52–53.
78
UNODC, Migrant Smuggling in Asia: A Thematic
Review of Literature (2012), pp. 7, 13; UNODC,
Migrant Smuggling in Asia: Comparative
Research on Financial Flows within Asia and
Europe (2013) [restricted circulation], p. 42;
UNODC, Transnational Organized Crime in
East Asia and the Pacific: A Threat Assessment
(2013), p. 42.
79
UNODC, Recent Trends of Human Trafficking
and Migrant Smuggling To and From Pakistan
(2013), pp. 7, 22, 37; Europol, “Facilitated illegal
immigration intelligence bulletin”, Intelligence
Bulletin, No. 2 (May 2011), p. 16; UNODC,
Migrant Smuggling in Asia: Comparative
Research on Financial Flows within Asia and
Europe (2013) [restricted circulation], pp. 57–
58; Asia-Pacific RCM Thematic Working Group
on International Migration including Human
Trafficking, Situation Report on International
Migration in South and South-West Asia (2011),
p. 96; Government of Pakistan, Response to
questions by UNODC relating to smuggling of
migrants in Asia (2014).
80
UNODC, Recent Trends of Human Trafficking
and Migrant Smuggling To and From Pakistan
(2013), pp. 22–23, 38–39; Asia-Pacific RCM
Thematic Working Group on International
Migration including Human Trafficking,
Situation Report on International Migration in
South and South-West Asia (2011), p. 96.
81
Government of Australia, “Country report: biannual
– January to June 2013 as of 7 February
2014”, Voluntary Reporting System on Migrant
Smuggling and Related Conduct (2014), p. 25–
26.
82
Asia-Pacific RCM Thematic Working Group
on International Migration including Human
Trafficking, Situation Report on International
Migration in South and South-West Asia (2011),
p. 26; Europol, “Facilitated illegal immigration
intelligence bulletin”, Intelligence Bulletin, No. 1
(January 2011), p. 21; STATT, “Afghan migration
in flux”, Synapse, vol. 10 (2013), pp. 1, 3–4;
UNODC, Recent Trends of Human Trafficking
and Migrant Smuggling To and From Pakistan
(2013), pp. 1, 33, 39; Government of Germany,
Response to questions by UNODC relating
to smuggling of migrants in Asia (2014); A.
Triandafyllidou and T. Maroukis, Migrant
Smuggling: Irregular Migration from Asia and
Africa to Europe (2012), pp. 119–122; UNODC,
Migrant Smuggling in Asia: A Thematic Review
of Literature (2012), p. 178.
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