Current_Trends_and_Related_Challenges_web

Current Trends and Challenges
Figure 1. States and territories covered in the report
Mongolia
DPR Korea
Iraq
Islamic Republic
of Iran
Afghanistan
Pakistan
Nepal
Bhutan
China
Republic
of
Korea
Japan
India
Bangladesh
Viet Nam
Myanmar
Lao PDR
Hong Kong (China)
Macau (China)
Thailand
Cambodia
Philippines
Maldives
Sri Lanka
Brunei
Darussalam
Malaysia
Singapore
Indonesia
Timor-Leste
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
The map is an elaboration of UNODC based on selected sources.
which smuggling helps facilitate. This report thus
also examines general flows of irregular migration
to, through and from Asia and the known
characteristics of migrant smugglers and irregular
migrants. In particular, the push and pull factors
for irregular migration are examined to better
understand some of the reasons why people opt
for the smuggling channel. Irregular migration
flows, however, are only considered when it
involves smuggling.
1.4 Structure of the report
The evidence on smuggling is divided into four
chapters (Chapters II–V) that present what is
known for each region within Asia. Chapter
VI summarizes the main findings, followed by
observations and conclusions in Chapter VII on
the primary issues and recommendations for
interventions.
Each region-specific chapter uses a consistent and
systematic structure to present the key aspects
of migrant smuggling. This includes an overview
of the direction and levels of irregular migration
flows, analysis of push and pull factors from each
of the countries and territories examined, profiles
of smuggled migrants and smugglers, routes
and methods of migrant smuggling, conditions
and risks confronting smuggled migrants, the
organizational structures of smuggling networks
and information relating to the fees and financing.
This report is supplemented by additional
statistical information, available in the Annex,
for each of the 28 States and territories. The
data is drawn from questionnaire responses
supplied by national authorities and international
organizations and on detected attempts of illegal
entry into reporting countries; detected illegal
residence; the number of nationals detected
attempting illegal entry; the number of refused
entries; smuggled migrants detected; economic
data; and the number of nationals in refugee or
asylum-seeker status.
3