Current_Trends_and_Related_Challenges_web

Migrant Smuggling in Asia
Africa to Europe (2012), p. 68; A. di Nicola,
“Trafficking in human beings and smuggling of
migrants”, in Handbook of Transnational Crime
and Justice, P. Reichel, ed. (2005), pp. 181, 187.
223
Government of Serbia, Response to questions
by UNODC relating to smuggling of migrants in
Asia (2014); Government of Hungary, Response
to questions by UNODC relating to smuggling
of migrants in Asia (2014); Government of
Slovakia, Response to questions by UNODC
relating to smuggling of migrants in Asia
(2014); A. Triandafyllidou and T. Maroukis,
Migrant Smuggling: Irregular Migration from
Asia and Africa to Europe (2012), pp. 198–200.
224
ICMPD, Yearbook on Illegal Migration, Human
Smuggling and Trafficking in Central and
Eastern Europe (2011), p. 190.
225
Government of Turkey, Response to questions
by UNODC relating to smuggling of migrants in
Asia (2014).
226
Government of Austria, Response to questions
by UNODC relating to smuggling of migrants in
Asia (2014).
227
Government of United Kingdom, Response
to questions by UNODC relating to smuggling
of migrants in Asia (2014); Government of
Belgium, Response to questions by UNODC
relating to smuggling of migrants in Asia (2014).
228
UNODC, Recent Trends of Human Trafficking
and Migrant Smuggling To and From Pakistan
(2013), pp. 35–36.
229
A. Triandafyllidou and T. Maroukis, Migrant
Smuggling: Irregular Migration from Asia
and Africa to Europe (2012), pp. 198–200;
UNODC, Recent Trends of Human Trafficking
and Migrant Smuggling To and From Pakistan
(2013), p. 2.
230
P. Munro, “People smuggling and the resilience
of criminal networks in Indonesia”, Journal of
Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism,
vol. 6, No. 1 (2011), pp. 40, 43; A. Missbach and
F. Sinanu, “‘The scum of the earth’? Foreign
people smugglers and their local counterparts
in Indonesia”, Journal of Current Southeast
Asian Affairs, vol. 30, No. 4 (2011), pp. 57,
76–77; UNODC, Recent Trends of Human
Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling To and From
Pakistan (2013), p. 2, 42; A. Schloenhardt and
L. Ezzy, “Hadi Ahmadi – and the myth of the
people smugglers’ business model”, Monash
University Law Review, vol. 38 (2012), pp. 120,
143.
231
Government of New Zealand, Response to
questions by UNODC relating to smuggling of
migrants in Asia (2014).
232
P. Munro, “People smuggling and the resilience
of criminal networks in Indonesia”, Journal of
Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism,
vol. 6, No. 1 (2011), pp. 40, 43, 45–46; A.
Missbach and F. Sinanu, “‘The scum of the
earth’? Foreign people smugglers and their
local counterparts in Indonesia”, Journal of
Current Southeast Asian Affairs, vol. 30, No. 4
(2011), pp. 57, 76–77; UNODC, Recent Trends
of Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling
To and From Pakistan (2013), p. 42; A.
Schloenhardt and L. Ezzy, “Hadi Ahmadi – and
the myth of the people smugglers’ business
model”, Monash University Law Review, vol.
38 (2012), pp. 120, 143; A. Schloenhardt and C.
Davies, “Smugglers and samaritans: defences
to people smuggling in Australia”, UNSW Law
Journal, vol. 36, No. 3 (2013), pp. 954, 955;
C. Barker, “The people smugglers’ business
model”, Research Paper No. 2, 2012–13 (2013),
p. 38.
233
A. Triandafyllidou and T. Maroukis, Migrant
Smuggling: Irregular Migration from Asia
and Africa to Europe (2012), pp. 198–200;
Government of Germany, Response to
questions by UNODC relating to smuggling
of migrants in Asia (2014); Government of
Serbia, Response to questions by UNODC
relating to smuggling of migrants in Asia
(2014); Government of Slovakia, Response to
questions by UNODC relating to smuggling of
migrants in Asia (2014); Government of Turkey,
Response to questions by UNODC relating
to smuggling of migrants in Asia (2014); see,
however, Government of Sweden, Response to
questions by UNODC relating to smuggling of
migrants in Asia (2014).
234
A. Triandafyllidou and T. Maroukis, Migrant
134