Current_Trends_and_Related_Challenges_web

Migrant Smuggling in Asia
Dutt, eds. (2012), pp. 251, 260; N. van Hear
and others, “Drivers of migration”, Working
Paper No. 1 (2012), pp. 45–46; Government
of Estonia, Response to questions by UNODC
relating to smuggling of migrants in Asia
(2014); Government of Lithuania, Response
to questions by UNODC relating to smuggling
of migrants in Asia (2014); Government of
Moldova, Response to questions by UNODC
relating to smuggling of migrants in Asia (2014);
Government of Serbia, Response to questions
by UNODC relating to smuggling of migrants in
Asia (2014).
48
Government of Lithuania, Response to
questions by UNODC relating to smuggling of
migrants in Asia (2014); M. Neske, “Human
smuggling to and through Germany”,
International Migration, vol. 44 (2006), pp.
121, 153.
49
N. van Hear and others, “Drivers of migration”,
Working Paper No. 1 (2012), pp. 24–25, 28;
F. Grare and W. Maley, The Afghan Refugees
in Pakistan (30 June 2011). Available from
www.refugeecooperation.org/publications/
migration in flux”, Synapse, vol. 10 (2013), pp.
1, 4.
50
Frontex, Unaccompanied Minors in the
Migration Process (2010), pp. 15, 17; A.
Dimitriadi, Migration from Afghanistan to
Third Countries and Greece (2013), p. 23;
A. Triandafyllidou and T. Maroukis, Migrant
Smuggling: Irregular Migration from Asia and
Africa to Europe (2012), pp. 131–132, 196;
Government of United Kingdom, Response
to questions by UNODC relating to smuggling
of migrants in Asia (2014); Government of
Norway, Response to questions by UNODC
relating to smuggling of migrants in Asia
(2014); Human Rights Watch, Barely Surviving:
Detention, Abuse, and Neglect of Migrant
Children in Indonesia (2013), p. 20.
51
STATT, “Afghan migration in flux”, Synapse, vol.
10 (2013), pp. 1, 13; Government of Lithuania,
Response to questions by UNODC relating to
smuggling of migrants in Asia (2014); UNODC,
Migrant Smuggling in Asia: A Thematic Review
of Literature (2012), p. 183.
52
K. Koser and P. Marsden, “Migration and
displacement impacts of Afghan transitions
in 2014: implications for Australia”, Irregular
Migration Research Program Occasional Paper
Series 03/2013 (2013), p. 8; UNODC, Recent
Trends of Human Trafficking and Migrant
Smuggling To and From Pakistan (2013), pp. 39,
42; UNODC, Transnational Organized Crime in
East Asia and the Pacific: A Threat Assessment
(2013), p. 41.
53
Government of United Kingdom, Response
to questions by UNODC relating to smuggling
of migrants in Asia (2014); Government of
Norway, Response to questions by UNODC
relating to smuggling of migrants in Asia (2014);
Canada Border Services Agency, Response to
questions by UNODC relating to smuggling
of migrants in Asia (2014); Government of
Australia, “Country report: bi-annual – January
to June 2013 as of 7 February 2014”, Voluntary
Reporting System on Migrant Smuggling and
Related Conduct (2014), p. 30; Government
of New Zealand, Response to questions by
UNODC relating to smuggling of migrants in
Asia (2014).
54
Government of Norway, Response to questions
by UNODC relating to smuggling of migrants in
Asia (2014).
55
Government of Australia, “Country report: biannual
– January to June 2013 as of 7 February
2014”, Voluntary Reporting System on Migrant
Smuggling and Related Conduct (2014), p. 30.
56
UNODC, Transnational Organized Crime in
East Asia and the Pacific: A Threat Assessment
(2013), p. 40; Australia, Department of
Immigration and Border Protection, Asylum
Trends: Australia June 2013 – Quarterly
Publication (2013), p. 13; Government of
Germany, Response to questions by UNODC
relating to smuggling of migrants in Asia (2014);
Government of United Kingdom, Response
to questions by UNODC relating to smuggling
of migrants in Asia (2014); Government of
Moldova, Response to questions by UNODC
relating to smuggling of migrants in Asia (2014).
57
Frontex, Unaccompanied Minors in the
Migration Process (2010), p. 17. The
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