Current_Trends_and_Related_Challenges_web

Migrant Smuggling in Asia
192
A. Triandafyllidou and T. Maroukis, Migrant
Smuggling: Irregular Migration from Asia and
Africa to Europe (2012), pp. 125–126.
193
United Kingdom, Response to questions by
UNODC relating to smuggling of migrants in Asia
(2014); Human Rights Watch, Turned Away:
Summary Returns of Unaccompanied Migrant
Children and Adult Asylum Seekers from Italy
to Greece (2013), pp. 16–17; Government of
Belgium, Response to questions by UNODC
relating to smuggling of migrants in Asia (2014);
Government of France, Response to questions
by UNODC relating to smuggling of migrants in
Asia (2014); Government of Sweden, Response
to questions by UNODC relating to smuggling
of migrants in Asia (2014).
194
UNODC, Migrant Smuggling in Asia:
Comparative Research on Financial Flows
within Asia and Europe (2013) [restricted
circulation], pp. 43–45; Europol, “Facilitated
illegal immigration intelligence bulletin”,
Intelligence Bulletin, No. 1 (January 2011),
p. 28; A. Triandafyllidou and T. Maroukis,
Migrant Smuggling: Irregular Migration
from Asia and Africa to Europe (2012), p.
145; UNODC, Smuggling of Migrants Into,
Through and From North Africa: A Thematic
Review and Annotated Bibliography of
Recent Publications (2010), p. 16; UNODC,
Transnational Trafficking and the Rule of Law
in West Africa: A Threat Assessment (2010), p.
217; Europol, “Facilitated illegal immigration
intelligence bulletin”, Intelligence Bulletin,
No. 3 (June 2009), pp. 7–8; Government of
Germany, Response to questions by UNODC
relating to smuggling of migrants in Asia
(2014); Government of Sweden, Response to
questions by UNODC relating to smuggling of
migrants in Asia (2014).
195
Human Rights Watch, Barely Surviving:
Detention, Abuse, and Neglect of Migrant
Children in Indonesia (2013), p. 16; UNODC,
Transnational Organized Crime in East Asia
and the Pacific: A Threat Assessment (2013),
p. 44; A. Missbach and F. Sinanu, “‘The scum
of the earth’? Foreign people smugglers and
their local counterparts in Indonesia”, Journal
of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, vol. 30, No.
4 (2011), pp. 57, 68, 76–77; UNODC, Recent
Trends of Human Trafficking and Migrant
Smuggling To and From Pakistan (2013), pp.
40–41.
196
A. Triandafyllidou and T. Maroukis, Migrant
Smuggling: Irregular Migration from Asia
and Africa to Europe (2012), pp. 139–140;
Government of Germany, Response to
questions by UNODC relating to smuggling
of migrants in Asia (2014); Government of
Moldova, Response to questions by UNODC
relating to smuggling of migrants in Asia
(2014); K. Yousef, “The vicious circle of irregular
migration from Pakistan to Greece and back to
Pakistan”, IRMA Background Report (2013), p.
17.
197
A. Triandafyllidou and T. Maroukis, Migrant
Smuggling: Irregular Migration from Asia and
Africa to Europe (2012), pp. 139–140, 156–157,
163, 171-173; Government of Turkey, Response
to questions by UNODC relating to smuggling
of migrants in Asia (2014); Government of
Germany, Response to questions by UNODC
relating to smuggling of migrants in Asia (2014).
198
L. Schuster, “Turning refugees into “illegal
migrants”: Afghan asylum seekers in Europe”,
Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 34 (2011), pp.
1392, 1400–1401.
199
IOM, Fatal Journeys: Tracking Lives Lost during
Migration (2014), p. 15.
200
IOM, Fatal Journeys: Tracking Lives Lost during
Migration (2014), p. 22.
201
M. Hutton, Drownings on the Public Record of
People Attempting to Enter Australia Irregularly
by Boat Since 1998 (2014).
202
IOM, Fatal Journeys: Tracking Lives Lost during
Migration (2014), p. 180.
203
ibid., p. 188.
204
ibid.
205
H. Spinks, “Destination anywhere? Factors
affecting asylum seekers’ choice of destination
country”, Research Paper No. 1, 2012–13
(2013), pp. 6–7; UNODC, Migrant Smuggling in
132