Current_Trends_and_Related_Challenges_web

Current Trends and Challenges
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and the Pacific: A Threat Assessment (2013),
p. 42; A. Missbach and F. Sinanu, “‘The scum
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4 (2011), pp. 57, 73; Government of Pakistan,
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178
C. Barker, “The people smugglers’ business
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179
Government of Pakistan, Response to
questions by UNODC relating to smuggling of
migrants in Asia (2014); UNODC, Recent Trends
of Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling
To and From Pakistan (2013), pp. 35–36, 40;
A. Missbach and F. Sinanu, “‘The scum of the
earth’? Foreign people smugglers and their
local counterparts in Indonesia”, Journal of
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(2011), pp. 57, 73. M. Crouch and A. Missbach,
Trials of People Smugglers in Indonesia: 2007–
2012 (2013), p. 12.
180
UNODC, Transnational Organized Crime in
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(2013), pp. 42–44.
181
C. Barker, “The people smugglers’ business
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local counterparts in Indonesia”, Journal of
Current Southeast Asian Affairs, vol. 30, No. 4
(2011), pp. 57, 73; A. Missbach and M. Crouch,
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dynamics of judicial discretion in Indonesia”,
Australian Journal of Asian Law, vol. 14,
No. 2 (2013), pp. 1, 3; Pakistan, Response to
questions by UNODC relating to smuggling of
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182
UNODC, Transnational Organized Crime in
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Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling
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UNODC, “Smuggling of migrants by sea”,
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183
UNODC, Crime-Facilitating Migration from
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184
UNODC, Transnational Organized Crime in
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185
UNODC, Transnational Organized Crime in
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Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling To
and From Pakistan (2013), pp. 1, 37.
186
Government of New Zealand, Response to
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migrants in Asia (2014).
187
H. Spinks, “Destination anywhere? Factors
affecting asylum seekers’ choice of destination
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(2013), p. 11.
188
Europol, “Facilitated illegal immigration
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189
Europol, ‘“Facilitated illegal immigration
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190
Europol, “Facilitated illegal immigration
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191
A. Dimitriadi, Migration from Afghanistan to
Third Countries and Greece (2013), p. 15.
131