Current_Trends_and_Related_Challenges_web

Current Trends and Challenges
Asia: A Thematic Review of Literature (2012), p.
185; STATT, “Afghan migration in flux”, Synapse,
vol. 10 (2013), pp. 1, 5; Human Rights Watch,
Unwelcome Guests: Iran’s Violation of Afghan
Refugee and Migrant Rights (2013), p. 61.
206
UNODC, Migrant Smuggling in Asia: A Thematic
Review of Literature (2012), pp. 34, 183, 187;
IOM and UK Foreign and Commonwealth
Office, Perspectives on Migration from Iraq
(2013), p. 28.
207
A. Dimitriadi, Migration from Afghanistan
to Third Countries and Greece (2013), p. 15;
A. Triandafyllidou and T. Maroukis, Migrant
Smuggling: Irregular Migration from Asia and
Africa to Europe (2012), pp. 118, 122, 125–126,
197.
208
Wise Strategic Communications, Afghanistan
Counter People Smuggling Scoping Study: Final
Report (2010), pp. 6, 30, 38, 42.
209
UNODC, Migrant Smuggling in Asia: A Thematic
Review of Literature (2012), pp. 34, 183, 187.
210
A. Triandafyllidou and T. Maroukis, Migrant
Smuggling: Irregular Migration from Asia and
Africa to Europe (2012), pp. 171–173, 175;
Government of Norway, Response to questions
by UNODC relating to smuggling of migrants in
Asia (2014); Government of Sweden, Response
to questions by UNODC relating to smuggling
of migrants in Asia (2014).
211
Europol, “Facilitated illegal immigration
intelligence bulletin”, Intelligence Bulletin, No.
3 (July 2010), p. 16; Government of Belgium,
Response to questions by UNODC relating to
smuggling of migrants in Asia (2014).
212
Government of Austria, Response to questions
by UNODC relating to smuggling of migrants in
Asia (2014); Government of Slovakia, Response
to questions by UNODC relating to smuggling
of migrants in Asia (2014).
213
UNODC, Transnational Organized Crime in
East Asia and the Pacific: A Threat Assessment
(2013), pp. 45–46.
214
Frontex, Unaccompanied Minors in the
Migration Process (2010), p. 26.
215
A. Triandafyllidou and T. Maroukis, Migrant
Smuggling: Irregular Migration from Asia
and Africa to Europe (2012), pp. 198–200;
Government of Belgium, Response to questions
by UNODC relating to smuggling of migrants in
Asia (2014).
216
UNODC, Migrant Smuggling in Asia:
Comparative Research on Financial Flows
within Asia and Europe (2013) [restricted
circulation], pp. 42.
217
Government of Germany, Response to
questions by UNODC relating to smuggling
of migrants in Asia (2014); Government of
Norway, Response to questions by UNODC
relating to smuggling of migrants in Asia
(2014); Government of Lithuania, Response to
questions by UNODC relating to smuggling of
migrants in Asia (2014); Government of former
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Response to
questions by UNODC relating to smuggling of
migrants in Asia (2014).
218
Europol, “Facilitated illegal immigration
intelligence bulletin”, Intelligence Bulletin, No.
4 (October 2010), p. 9; Government of United
Kingdom, Response to questions by UNODC
relating to smuggling of migrants in Asia (2014).
219
UNODC, Migrant Smuggling in Asia: A Thematic
Review of Literature (2012), p. 12.
220
Government of Belgium, Response to questions
by UNODC relating to smuggling of migrants
in Asia (2014); Government of Germany,
Response to questions by UNODC relating to
smuggling of migrants in Asia (2014); Europol,
“Facilitated illegal immigration intelligence
bulletin”, Intelligence Bulletin, No. 4 (October
2010), p. 9; Europol, “Facilitated illegal
immigration intelligence bulletin”, Intelligence
Bulletin, No. 3 (June 2009), pp. 7–9; UNODC,
Transnational Organized Crime in East Asia and
the Pacific: A Threat Assessment (2013), p. 31.
221
A. Triandafyllidou and T. Maroukis, Migrant
Smuggling: Irregular Migration from Asia and
Africa to Europe (2012), pp. 143–144.
222
A. Triandafyllidou and T. Maroukis, Migrant
Smuggling: Irregular Migration from Asia and
133