Current_Trends_and_Related_Challenges_web

Migrant Smuggling in Asia
74
Asia Foundation, Nepal, Labour Migration
Trends and Patterns: Bangladesh, India, and
Nepal 2013 (2013), p.15.
75
UNODC, Strategic Assessment Report on
Migrant Smuggling from Sri Lanka (2013)
[restricted circulation], p. 58.
76
Verité, Labor Brokerage and Trafficking of
Nepali Migrant Workers (2012) 20.
77
Asia Foundation, Nepal, Labour Migration
Trends and Patterns: Bangladesh, India, and
Nepal 2013 (2013), p. 43.
78
ibid., p. 40.
79
Verité, Labor Brokerage and Trafficking of
Nepali Migrant Workers (2012), p. 77.
80
Asia-Pacific RCM Thematic Working Group
on International Migration including Human
Trafficking, Situation Report on International
Migration in South and South-West Asia (2011),
pp. 83, 196.
81
Verité, Labor Brokerage and Trafficking of
Nepali Migrant Workers (2012), p. 20.
82
UNODC and Institute of Social Science,
Smuggling of Migrants From India to Europe
and in particular to United Kingdom, A Study
on Tamil Nadu (2009), pp. 37–41, 46–47.
83
IOM, Labour Migration from Colombo Process
Countries (2011), p. 24.
84
S. Carney and others, “Fortress India: why is
Delhi building a new Berlin Wall to keep out its
Bangladeshi neighbors?” Foreign Policy, July/
August (2011), pp. 29, 31.
85
Asia Foundation, Labour Migration trends and
Patterns: Bangladesh, India, and Nepal 2013
(2013), p. 48.
86
IOM, Assessing the Evidence: Environment,
Climate Change and Migration in Bangladesh
(2010), p. 23.
87
Human Rights Watch, Ad Hoc and Inadequate:
Thailand’s Treatment of Refugees and Asylum
Seekers (2012), p. 75.
88
P. Palmgren, “Navigating a hostile terrain:
refugees and human rights in Southeast Asia”,
Sociology Compass, vol. 5, No. 5 (2011), pp.
323, 328–329.
89
Asia Foundation, Nepal, Labour Migration
Trends and Patterns: Bangladesh, India, and
Nepal 2013 (2013), p. 40.
90
UNODC, Migrant Smuggling in Asia: A Thematic
Review of Literature (2012), pp. 178–179.
91
Government of Maldives, “Country report: biannual
– January to June 2013 as of 19 February
2014”, Voluntary Reporting System on Migrant
Smuggling and Related Conduct (2014), p. 17.
92
D. Jayasuriya and M. McAuliffe, “Placing recent
Sri Lankan maritime arrivals in a broader
migration context”, Irregular Migration
Research Program Occasional Paper Series
02/2013 (2013), pp. 13–14.
93
J.J. Larsen and others, “Trafficking in persons
monitoring report: January 2009–June 2011”,
Monitoring Report No. 19 (2012), p. 37.
94
K. Yousef, “The vicious circle of irregular
migration from Pakistan to Greece and back
to Pakistan”, IRMA Background Report (2013),
pp. 9–10; UNODC, Migrant Smuggling in Asia:
A Thematic Review of Literature (2012), p. 177.
95
Government of Pakistan, Response to questions
by UNODC relating to smuggling of migrants in
Asia (2014).
96
Government of Pakistan, Response to questions
by UNODC relating to smuggling of migrants in
Asia (2014); A. Triandafyllidou and T. Maroukis,
Migrant Smuggling: Irregular Migration from
Asia and Africa to Europe (2012), pp. 119–122;
UNODC, Recent Trends of Human Trafficking
and Migrant Smuggling To and From Pakistan
(2013), pp. 1, 33.
97
UNODC, Recent Trends of Human Trafficking
and Migrant Smuggling To and From Pakistan
(2013), p. 33.
98
M.M. Rahman, “Bangladeshi Labour Migration
to the Gulf States”, Canadian Journal of
Developmental Studies, vol. 33 (2012), pp. 214,
220.
146