Current_Trends_and_Related_Challenges_web

Migrant Smuggling in Asia
migrants in Asia (2014).
207
Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Response to
questions by UNODC relating to smuggling of
migrants in Asia (2014).
208
UNODC and Institute of Social Science,
Smuggling of Migrants From India to Europe
and in Particular to United Kingdom, A Study
on Tamil Nadu (2009), p. xi; A. Triandafyllidou
and T. Maroukis, Migrant Smuggling: Irregular
Migration from Asia and Africa to Europe
(2012), p. 118.
209
UNODC and Institute of Social Science,
Smuggling of Migrants From India to Europe
and in Particular to United Kingdom, A Study
on Punjab and Haryana (2009), p. 57.
210
UNODC and Institute of Social Science,
Smuggling of Migrants From India to Europe
and in Particular to United Kingdom, A Study
on Tamil Nadu (2009), p. 32.
211
Asia Foundation, Nepal, Labour Migration
Trends and Patterns: Bangladesh, India, and
Nepal 2013 (2013), pp. 47–48.
212
Europol, “Facilitated illegal immigration
intelligence bulletin”, Intelligence Bulletin, No.
3 (September 2011), p. 13; N. Smith, ‘Donkey
Flights’: Illegal Immigration From the Punjab
to the United Kingdom (2014), p. 6; UNODC,
The Role of Organized Crime in the Smuggling
of Migrants from West Africa to the European
Union (2011), p. 37; UNODC and Institute of
Social Science, Smuggling of Migrants From
India to Europe and in Particular to United
Kingdom, A Study on Punjab and Haryana
(2009), pp. 46–47;
213
N. Smith, ‘Donkey Flights’: Illegal Immigration
From the Punjab to the United Kingdom (2014),
pp. 6–7.
214
ICMPD, Yearbook on Illegal Migration,
Human Smuggling and Trafficking in Central
and Eastern Europe (2011), pp. 192, 250;
Government of Ukraine, Response to questions
by UNODC relating to smuggling of migrants in
Asia (2014).
215
UNODC, The Role of Organized Crime in the
Smuggling of Migrants from West Africa to
the European Union (2011), p. 37; Europol,
“Facilitated illegal immigration intelligence
bulletin”, Intelligence Bulletin, No. 2 (May
2011).
216
A. Triandafyllidou and T. Maroukis, Migrant
Smuggling: Irregular Migration from Asia
and Africa to Europe (2012), pp. 118, 120;
ICMPD, Yearbook on Illegal Migration, Human
Smuggling and Trafficking in Central and
Eastern Europe (2011), p. 107.
217
UNODC, Strategic Assessment Report on
Migrant Smuggling from Sri Lanka (2013)
[restricted circulation], pp. 91; ICMPD, Yearbook
on Illegal Migration, Human Smuggling and
Trafficking in Central and Eastern Europe
(2011), p. 250.
218
UNODC, Transnational Organized Crime in
East Asia and the Pacific: A Threat Assessment
(2013), p. 47.
219
C. Barker, “The people smugglers’ business
model”, Research Paper No. 2, 2012–13 (2013),
p. 17; E. Howie, “Sri Lankan boat migration
to Australia: motivations and dilemmas”,
Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 48, No. 35
(2013), p. 97, 100.
220
Government of New Zealand, Response to
questions by UNODC relating to smuggling of
migrants in Asia (2014).
221
UNODC and Institute of Social Science,
Smuggling of Migrants From India to Europe
and in Particular to United Kingdom, A Study
on Punjab and Haryana (2009), pp. 46–47;
Verité, Labor Brokerage and Trafficking of
Nepali Migrant Workers (2012), pp. 80–81.
222
Europol, “Facilitated illegal immigration
intelligence bulletin”, Intelligence Bulletin, No.
3 (September 2011), p. 13.
223
Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Response to
questions by UNODC relating to smuggling
of migrants in Asia (2014); UNODC,
Transnational Organized Crime in East Asia
and the Pacific: A Threat Assessment (2013),
pp. 47–48.
154