Converting a NEXRAD Rainfall Map into a Flood Inundation Map by ...

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List of TablesTable 4.1: Date and Time Formats in Windows and HEC-DSS......................... 123Table 4.2: HEC-DSS Recommended Variable Type Notation ........................... 126Table 4.3: Arc Hydro Recommended Data Parameter Notation......................... 127Table 4.4: Variable Type Equivalence between HEC-DSS and Arc Hydro....... 129Table 4.5: Time Interval Equivalence between HEC-DSS and Arc Hydro ........ 133Table 4.6: Unit Notation Equivalence between HEC-DSS and Arc Hydro........ 135Table 4.7: Data Type Equivalence between HEC-DSS and Arc Hydro ............. 136Table 4.8: Time Series Type Equivalence between HEC-DSS and Arc Hydro . 137Table 4.9: HEC-DSS Descriptors for Data Exchange......................................... 140x
Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 BACKGROUNDThe Flood Control Act of 1936 gave the U.S. Army Corps of Engineersthe responsibility to develop flood attenuation structural measures seen at first asthe best way to cope with flood hazards (Grigg, 1996). After the 1960s theemphasis started to shift from structural to non-structural measures or at least torealize the relevance of those strategies as essential components of a morecomprehensive approach for floodplain management.Non-structural measures like zoning, flood insurance, relocation, andflood forecasting, warning, and response systems are intended for land usemanagement in the floodplain to prevent and/or properly face potential damage.In general, after a structural flood control plan is in place, complete control offlood water or prevention of all damages is normally not feasible. There is alwaysa residual flood damage risk that remains and which might be addressed by nonstructuralmeasures. The development of Flood Hazard Maps for zoning andinsurance programs is part of these non-structural components. The first productthat needs to be obtained for these measures is a flood inundation map depictingthe extent of the inundated areas for a given real or synthetic storm event.The evaluation of flood damage reduction plans and the definition of nonstructuralmeasures require the consideration of hydrologic, hydraulic, andeconomic components. Watershed hydrology is usually modeled using the HEC-HMS (USACE, 2000a) hydrologic modeling system (for single event simulations)1
Page 3 and 4: Table of ContentsList of Figures ..
Page 5 and 6: 4.1.12 The XML2GDB Script Tool ....
Page 7 and 8: Figure 3.24 Components of a Steady
Page 9: Figure 4.50 Create Flood Inundation
Page 13 and 14: for undeveloped or natural conditio
Page 15 and 16: All the previous statements favor t
Page 17 and 18: science, and engineering models as
Page 19 and 20: Different approaches have been used
Page 21 and 22: generic and self-described formats,
Page 23 and 24: externally executed from a central
Page 25 and 26: though GIS-based, the system does n
Page 27 and 28: Geographic Information Systems, Arc
Page 29 and 30: By defining the three basic functio
Page 31 and 32: containing an inventory of damage s
Page 33 and 34: Data Models in charge of storing an
Page 35 and 36: Figure 3.1 Floodplain Modeling Sche
Page 37 and 38: either with Schematic Nodes (for Su
Page 39 and 40: channel cross sections, available H
Page 41 and 42: sequential data, called pathnames,
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3.5 NEXRAD square cells (873
Page 45 and 46: geodatabase formatted with the Arc
Page 47 and 48: The CrossSection feature class in A
Page 49 and 50: geodatabase (under Arc Hydro format
Page 51 and 52: 3.4.4 External Execution of HEC-RAS
Page 53 and 54: analysis. In particular, GIS has be
Page 55 and 56: 3.5.3 Model-Specific ElementsA geog
Page 57 and 58: Figure 3.11 Geographic and Hydrolog
Page 59 and 60: For HEC-RAS, the connectivity is ac
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cross sections in the hydraulic mod
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Section line for a RAS cross-sectio
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from the geodatabase back into the
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Figure 3.19 Relationship Classes fo
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Figure 3.20 DSS Time Series content
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Figure 3.22 Extended Time Series Co
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Figure 3.23 Creating a Flow File fr
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etween the HEC-DSS file system and
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The more specific steps for the pos
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Chapter 4 Map2Map Components4.1 MOD
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A subset of NEXRAD time series data
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A folder location is also provided
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Figure 4.4 Radar2GDB Model Componen
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ecords. Figure 4.6 illustrates the
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Figure 4.8 Time Series Tables and R
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having different formats and that a
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Part E: Time Interval of stored dat
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execution time and for their corres
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on the steps needed to transfer the
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Len_sBTime (I): The length of the s
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52: Invalid precision exponent spec
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methods: user hyetograph, user gage
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Once the hyetograph is defined (for
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The resulting runoff hydrograph is
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Thus, the time period for the entir
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After the ZSRTS subroutine is execu
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Figure 4.12 HMSCaller Model Compone
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ased on a process handle (a program
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These simple command line statement
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To programmatically accomplish this
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to provide the hydraulic input for
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information into the extended Arc H
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The HydroJunction, used for connect
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Once the identification of flow cha
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As with the GDB2HMSDSS, the first t
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4.1.7 Time Series ExtractionOnce th
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accomplish this have been developed
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straight forward for all time stamp
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As opposed to HEC-DSS, the Arc Hydr
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Table 4.4: Variable Type Equivalenc
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ZCAT DSS subroutines) and stored in
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Table 4.5: Time Interval Equivalenc
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There are not specific valid values
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catalog list. For the DSS2GDB appli
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4.1.9.1 Opening the HEC-DSS fileThe
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channel (the hydraulic representati
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the model if the new configuration
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the main program as a public module
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Then, the RASCaller application acc
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Figure 4.31 ProjectName Property in
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Figure 4.33 RunSteady Method in RAS
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Figure 4.34 ExportGIS Method in RAS
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data structures delivered by every
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The two most well-known models for
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The water surface elevations obtain
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Once the water surface elevations f
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Generate a suitable water surface m
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Figure 4.42 2 Foot-Contour Lines fo
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Figure 4.43 Rosillo Creek’s terra
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standard ArcGIS tool), is used in M
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By doing this, the water surface el
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Figure 4.49 Create Flood Polygon Mo
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Int OperationThe Integer operation
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case that was developed for Map2Map
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contours (isohyetals) or by interpo
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design storm input given its possib
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Figure 4.55 Workflow for Extracting
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for it. Finally, the DigitalStorm2H
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model for water resources (Maidment
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Hydro, the HydroJunctionHasCrossSec
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involved in the transformation of r
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process model in sequence. For the
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5.6 A TRUE SPATIAL APPROACHAutomate
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time series between NEXRAD, the HEC
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value of the entire runoff hydrogra
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case study. Bigger watersheds (abov
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The first step consists in installi
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3.7 Map2Map UsageAll of the model b
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Congratulations! You have successfu
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Once the simplified version of Arc
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cells that cover your study area an
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Second, the user needs to modify th
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Appendix BMap2Map CD Content1 CD Da
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o hmsproj - contains folders with H
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Goodchild, M.F., Steyaert, L.T., an
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Olsen R. J., Beling, P. A., Lambert
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Werner, M. G. F. 2001. Impact of gr
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Converting a NEXRAD Rainfall Map into a Flood Inundation Map by ...

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