Converting a NEXRAD Rainfall Map into a Flood Inundation Map by ...

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5.3 RAINFALL INPUTS OF VARIOUS FORMSTaking advantage of the modular and flexible character of the integration,the developed system provides a suitable framework for the analysis of multiplerainfall inputs: historic, real time, forecast, and synthetic.The developed floodplain modeling system for single rainfall events issuitable for historic, real-time, and forecasted flood impact analysis. In otherwords, the system can perform simulations based on real event realizations andnot only simulations of synthetic design storm realizations used in conventionalfloodplain planning and management purposes.Additional functionalities to loop through the system may be used to alsosupport annual-based and project life-based impact analysis by evaluating thefloodplain response to a series of possible events (of a given duration) andcomputing frequency values from the entire sample range.Thus, the current version of the development is easily adaptable for theingestion of rainfall inputs of various forms. Historic storm events, real timerainfall events, precipitation forecasts, and synthetic or design precipitation inputscan all be accommodated to drive the integration system thanks to its modularstructure and ability to build new workflow models that reused already existingcode components. Thus, precipitation input datasets to drive the developedMap2Map integration might come in several formats depending on the agency,the means, and the spatial reference used for providing the data.The proposed modular model integration provides the flexibility to ingestrainfall inputs of various forms without affecting the “core” of the processes190
involved in the transformation of rainfall into flood maps. The modular characterof the approach allows code reuse of generic tasks that remain constant acrossdifferent rainfall scenarios and implementations and allows straight forwardreplacement of specialized components across the diverse implementations.The modular system enables a number of associated benefits like codereuse, maintenance, and easy adaptability to other implementations. Customdesigned process components represented by script tools can be easily replaced tohandle different input formats or task alternatives. The current developmentallows the ingestion of various types of precipitation events: historic, real time,forecasted, and synthetic datasets.Ingestion of historic rainfall events allows single event evaluations forplanning and regulation against extreme events as well as for potential loopingthrough the entire range of historic events of a given duration to facilitatefrequency analysis studies. Ingestion of real time rainfall events provides supportto improve flood warning and response systems.Ingestion of forecasted rainfall events provides the promise of even betterflood warning systems that could implement greater lead response times. Thistype of rainfall is not as reliable as actual recorded datasets and therefore theassociated floodplain maps generated through the integration scheme might betaken with caution.Finally, the ability to ingest standard design storms as digital mapsprovides support for flood hazard zoning and insurance programs like FEMA’sFlood Insurance Rate Maps and National Flood Insurance Program. For instance,191
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Table of ContentsList of Figures ..
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4.1.12 The XML2GDB Script Tool ....
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Figure 3.24 Components of a Steady
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Figure 4.50 Create Flood Inundation
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Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 BACKGROUN
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for undeveloped or natural conditio
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All the previous statements favor t
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science, and engineering models as
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Different approaches have been used
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generic and self-described formats,
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externally executed from a central
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though GIS-based, the system does n
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Geographic Information Systems, Arc
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By defining the three basic functio
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containing an inventory of damage s
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Data Models in charge of storing an
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Figure 3.1 Floodplain Modeling Sche
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either with Schematic Nodes (for Su
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channel cross sections, available H
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sequential data, called pathnames,
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Figure 3.5 NEXRAD square cells (873
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geodatabase formatted with the Arc
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The CrossSection feature class in A
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geodatabase (under Arc Hydro format
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3.4.4 External Execution of HEC-RAS
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analysis. In particular, GIS has be
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3.5.3 Model-Specific ElementsA geog
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Figure 3.11 Geographic and Hydrolog
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For HEC-RAS, the connectivity is ac
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cross sections in the hydraulic mod
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Section line for a RAS cross-sectio
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from the geodatabase back into the
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Figure 3.19 Relationship Classes fo
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Figure 3.20 DSS Time Series content
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Figure 3.22 Extended Time Series Co
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Figure 3.23 Creating a Flow File fr
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etween the HEC-DSS file system and
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The more specific steps for the pos
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Chapter 4 Map2Map Components4.1 MOD
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A subset of NEXRAD time series data
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A folder location is also provided
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Figure 4.4 Radar2GDB Model Componen
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ecords. Figure 4.6 illustrates the
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Figure 4.8 Time Series Tables and R
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having different formats and that a
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Part E: Time Interval of stored dat
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execution time and for their corres
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on the steps needed to transfer the
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Len_sBTime (I): The length of the s
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52: Invalid precision exponent spec
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methods: user hyetograph, user gage
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Once the hyetograph is defined (for
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The resulting runoff hydrograph is
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Thus, the time period for the entir
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After the ZSRTS subroutine is execu
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Figure 4.12 HMSCaller Model Compone
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ased on a process handle (a program
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These simple command line statement
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To programmatically accomplish this
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to provide the hydraulic input for
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information into the extended Arc H
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The HydroJunction, used for connect
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Once the identification of flow cha
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As with the GDB2HMSDSS, the first t
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4.1.7 Time Series ExtractionOnce th
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accomplish this have been developed
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straight forward for all time stamp
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As opposed to HEC-DSS, the Arc Hydr
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Table 4.4: Variable Type Equivalenc
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ZCAT DSS subroutines) and stored in
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Table 4.5: Time Interval Equivalenc
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There are not specific valid values
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catalog list. For the DSS2GDB appli
Page 149 and 150: 4.1.9.1 Opening the HEC-DSS fileThe
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Page 157 and 158: Then, the RASCaller application acc
Page 159 and 160: Figure 4.31 ProjectName Property in
Page 161 and 162: Figure 4.33 RunSteady Method in RAS
Page 163 and 164: Figure 4.34 ExportGIS Method in RAS
Page 165 and 166: data structures delivered by every
Page 167 and 168: The two most well-known models for
Page 169 and 170: The water surface elevations obtain
Page 171 and 172: Once the water surface elevations f
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Page 175 and 176: Figure 4.42 2 Foot-Contour Lines fo
Page 177 and 178: Figure 4.43 Rosillo Creek’s terra
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Page 181 and 182: By doing this, the water surface el
Page 183 and 184: Figure 4.49 Create Flood Polygon Mo
Page 185 and 186: Int OperationThe Integer operation
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Page 193 and 194: Figure 4.55 Workflow for Extracting
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Page 205 and 206: 5.6 A TRUE SPATIAL APPROACHAutomate
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Page 209 and 210: value of the entire runoff hydrogra
Page 211 and 212: case study. Bigger watersheds (abov
Page 213 and 214: The first step consists in installi
Page 215 and 216: 3.7 Map2Map UsageAll of the model b
Page 217 and 218: Congratulations! You have successfu
Page 219 and 220: Once the simplified version of Arc
Page 221 and 222: cells that cover your study area an
Page 223 and 224: Second, the user needs to modify th
Page 225 and 226: Appendix BMap2Map CD Content1 CD Da
Page 227 and 228: o hmsproj - contains folders with H
Page 229 and 230: Goodchild, M.F., Steyaert, L.T., an
Page 231 and 232: Olsen R. J., Beling, P. A., Lambert
Page 233 and 234: Werner, M. G. F. 2001. Impact of gr
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