Converting a NEXRAD Rainfall Map into a Flood Inundation Map by ...

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approach, not only a well-defined interface to the GIS data structures is neededbut also a time varying character of the GIS system that meets inherent storagedemands is required. Under this approach the environmental models are executeddirectly from inside the GIS system either by calling the modeling libraries ondemand or by directly having model constructs in the GIS structure.Under the partial tight integration each application is still independent ofeach other but centrally managed from a single application that can perform callsto execute the external applications as required by the workflow. Many believethis approach is best due to the incorporation of proven and benchmarkedproprietary modeling systems that are already widely used and accepted by theengineering community.Partially tight integrations of ArcGIS with hydrologic libraries like HECLibHydro have been developed to capitalize on pre-processing and visualizationcapabilities of GIS (Whiteaker, 2003). A recent fully tight integration for theTOPMODEL hydrological model and GIS (AVTOP) was reported (Huang andJiang, 2002) in which an already existing stand-alone model was re-developedwithin the GIS environment by means of the macro language Avenue of ArcView3.x.The previous survey of GIS-based integrating approaches exposes severalways of exploiting the GIS benefits in modeling exercises. In order to streamlineand automate the generation of flood inundation maps a tight coupling approach(Figure 2.1d) is needed in which stand-alone engineering models are either12
externally executed from a central framework or fully re-developed inside the GISframework.A fully tight integration (Figure 2.1d Lower) in which all the neededstand-alone models are re-developed within the GIS environment is currentlypossible only for simplified conceptual models. Conceptual models do not have aphysically-based definition that relies in solutions of partial differential equationswhich are still difficult to formulate and solve inside a GIS environment.A partially tight integration (Figure 2.1d Upper) that utilizes stand-aloneapplications and centrally managed from a GIS-based application is selected inthis research as the most suitable method to accomplish the proposed modelingintegration. This selected approach allows the incorporation of proven andbenchmarked proprietary modeling systems that are already widely used andaccepted by the engineering community and regulating agencies in flood studies.The selected partially tight integration provides a framework to centrallyhandle the modeling integration via new GIS and IT developments. The centralsystem externally accesses the interrelated components and the integrationdepends on flows of reformatted data that is automatically relayed from oneapplication to the other. That is, the Map2Map application developed in thisresearch fits into the partially tight coupling category (Figure 2.1d Upper).2.2 GIS-BASED FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENTGiven that river and floodplain aspects of floodplain management have aspatial component, a GIS-based approach is suitable to manipulate and visualizethe spatial distribution of flood project components. Traditionally, GIS overlay13
Page 3 and 4: Table of ContentsList of Figures ..
Page 5 and 6: 4.1.12 The XML2GDB Script Tool ....
Page 7 and 8: Figure 3.24 Components of a Steady
Page 9 and 10: Figure 4.50 Create Flood Inundation
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 BACKGROUN
Page 13 and 14: for undeveloped or natural conditio
Page 15 and 16: All the previous statements favor t
Page 17 and 18: science, and engineering models as
Page 19 and 20: Different approaches have been used
Page 21: generic and self-described formats,
Page 25 and 26: though GIS-based, the system does n
Page 27 and 28: Geographic Information Systems, Arc
Page 29 and 30: By defining the three basic functio
Page 31 and 32: containing an inventory of damage s
Page 33 and 34: Data Models in charge of storing an
Page 35 and 36: Figure 3.1 Floodplain Modeling Sche
Page 37 and 38: either with Schematic Nodes (for Su
Page 39 and 40: channel cross sections, available H
Page 41 and 42: sequential data, called pathnames,
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3.5 NEXRAD square cells (873
Page 45 and 46: geodatabase formatted with the Arc
Page 47 and 48: The CrossSection feature class in A
Page 49 and 50: geodatabase (under Arc Hydro format
Page 51 and 52: 3.4.4 External Execution of HEC-RAS
Page 53 and 54: analysis. In particular, GIS has be
Page 55 and 56: 3.5.3 Model-Specific ElementsA geog
Page 57 and 58: Figure 3.11 Geographic and Hydrolog
Page 59 and 60: For HEC-RAS, the connectivity is ac
Page 61 and 62: cross sections in the hydraulic mod
Page 63 and 64: Section line for a RAS cross-sectio
Page 65 and 66: from the geodatabase back into the
Page 67 and 68: Figure 3.19 Relationship Classes fo
Page 69 and 70: Figure 3.20 DSS Time Series content
Page 71 and 72: Figure 3.22 Extended Time Series Co
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Figure 3.23 Creating a Flow File fr
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etween the HEC-DSS file system and
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The more specific steps for the pos
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Chapter 4 Map2Map Components4.1 MOD
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A subset of NEXRAD time series data
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A folder location is also provided
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Figure 4.4 Radar2GDB Model Componen
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ecords. Figure 4.6 illustrates the
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Figure 4.8 Time Series Tables and R
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having different formats and that a
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Part E: Time Interval of stored dat
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execution time and for their corres
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on the steps needed to transfer the
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Len_sBTime (I): The length of the s
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52: Invalid precision exponent spec
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methods: user hyetograph, user gage
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Once the hyetograph is defined (for
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The resulting runoff hydrograph is
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Thus, the time period for the entir
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After the ZSRTS subroutine is execu
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Figure 4.12 HMSCaller Model Compone
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ased on a process handle (a program
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These simple command line statement
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To programmatically accomplish this
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to provide the hydraulic input for
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information into the extended Arc H
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The HydroJunction, used for connect
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Once the identification of flow cha
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As with the GDB2HMSDSS, the first t
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4.1.7 Time Series ExtractionOnce th
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accomplish this have been developed
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straight forward for all time stamp
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As opposed to HEC-DSS, the Arc Hydr
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Table 4.4: Variable Type Equivalenc
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ZCAT DSS subroutines) and stored in
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Table 4.5: Time Interval Equivalenc
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There are not specific valid values
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catalog list. For the DSS2GDB appli
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4.1.9.1 Opening the HEC-DSS fileThe
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channel (the hydraulic representati
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the model if the new configuration
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the main program as a public module
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Then, the RASCaller application acc
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Figure 4.31 ProjectName Property in
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Figure 4.33 RunSteady Method in RAS
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Figure 4.34 ExportGIS Method in RAS
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data structures delivered by every
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The two most well-known models for
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The water surface elevations obtain
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Once the water surface elevations f
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Generate a suitable water surface m
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Figure 4.42 2 Foot-Contour Lines fo
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Figure 4.43 Rosillo Creek’s terra
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standard ArcGIS tool), is used in M
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By doing this, the water surface el
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Figure 4.49 Create Flood Polygon Mo
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Int OperationThe Integer operation
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case that was developed for Map2Map
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contours (isohyetals) or by interpo
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design storm input given its possib
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Figure 4.55 Workflow for Extracting
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for it. Finally, the DigitalStorm2H
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model for water resources (Maidment
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Hydro, the HydroJunctionHasCrossSec
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involved in the transformation of r
Page 203 and 204:
process model in sequence. For the
Page 205 and 206:
5.6 A TRUE SPATIAL APPROACHAutomate
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time series between NEXRAD, the HEC
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value of the entire runoff hydrogra
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case study. Bigger watersheds (abov
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The first step consists in installi
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3.7 Map2Map UsageAll of the model b
Page 217 and 218:
Congratulations! You have successfu
Page 219 and 220:
Once the simplified version of Arc
Page 221 and 222:
cells that cover your study area an
Page 223 and 224:
Second, the user needs to modify th
Page 225 and 226:
Appendix BMap2Map CD Content1 CD Da
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o hmsproj - contains folders with H
Page 229 and 230:
Goodchild, M.F., Steyaert, L.T., an
Page 231 and 232:
Olsen R. J., Beling, P. A., Lambert
Page 233 and 234:
Werner, M. G. F. 2001. Impact of gr
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