Converting a NEXRAD Rainfall Map into a Flood Inundation Map by ...

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functionalities and computational engines have been used in automated floodplaindelineation systems. Several automated GIS-based floodplain delineation systemshave been developed to support flood damage assessment components (Noman, etal., 2001). Some of the most well-known systems are: Arc/Info MIKE11-GIS,Arc/Info Floodplain delineation, ArcView MIKE11-GIS, Watershed ModelingSystem, flood mapping functionalities in FLOODWAVE, and the HEC-GeoRASpost-processing delineation.In contrast with the abundant systems for automated floodplaindelineation, GIS-based flood damage assessment systems have not proliferated.By the end of the 1980s, many countries started to experience a worsening trendin recurrent flood problems mostly attributed to urban and land use developmentsthat substantially change runoff characteristics and drainage configurations. Someof the attempts to address the increasing pattern of severe flood occurrences bymeans of GIS-integrated systems are summarized below to provide a conceptualframework for the present research.To formulate appropriate floodplain management strategies in the form ofbasin management plans, the government of Hong Kong started to develop in1990 a system for flood risk assessment (Brimicombe and Bartlett, 1996). Theproposed flood risk assessment system was based on the transfer of GIS-basedparameterization to stand alone hydrologic/hydraulic modeling systems whoseoutput is passed back to GIS for output visualization and reporting. The spatialextent of flood was superimposed to land used configurations to define floodhazard maps as the main foundation for a spatial decision support system. Even14
though GIS-based, the system does not represent a true integration of GIS andmodeling with central execution of all the involved processes. This systemachieves integration by means of data exchange only and not by means of acentral and unified execution of chained systems representing the modelingworkflow of processes and data.An early attempt to integrate “industry standard” hydraulic numericalmodeling and geographic information systems was done through the ArcViewGIS software (Muller and Rungoe, 1995). An interface between the 1-Dnumerical hydraulic model of the Danish Hydraulic Institute, MIKE 11 and ArcView 3.x was developed, the MIKE11-GIS ArcView interface. MIKE 11 wascoupled with ArcView to generate 2D and 3D water level and flood inundationmaps. The system allows for rapid generation of inundation boundaries fordifferent flood scenarios, including scenarios with or without flood protectionmeasures. It provided a systematic protocol for locating the inundated land underalternative mitigation strategies. The system allows for making multiple runs andtesting a number of scenarios efficiently.Almost simultaneously with the previous approach in 1996, the DelftHydraulics research institute developed a flood hazard assessment model for theriver Meuse case study in south Netherlands as a direct response to the floodingevents of December 1993 (Jonge et al., 1996). Recognizing the fact that theimportant river related aspects of flooding and managing floods (safety,agriculture, industry, etc.) all have a spatial component, the GIS package15
Page 3 and 4: Table of ContentsList of Figures ..
Page 5 and 6: 4.1.12 The XML2GDB Script Tool ....
Page 7 and 8: Figure 3.24 Components of a Steady
Page 9 and 10: Figure 4.50 Create Flood Inundation
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 BACKGROUN
Page 13 and 14: for undeveloped or natural conditio
Page 15 and 16: All the previous statements favor t
Page 17 and 18: science, and engineering models as
Page 19 and 20: Different approaches have been used
Page 21 and 22: generic and self-described formats,
Page 23: externally executed from a central
Page 27 and 28: Geographic Information Systems, Arc
Page 29 and 30: By defining the three basic functio
Page 31 and 32: containing an inventory of damage s
Page 33 and 34: Data Models in charge of storing an
Page 35 and 36: Figure 3.1 Floodplain Modeling Sche
Page 37 and 38: either with Schematic Nodes (for Su
Page 39 and 40: channel cross sections, available H
Page 41 and 42: sequential data, called pathnames,
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3.5 NEXRAD square cells (873
Page 45 and 46: geodatabase formatted with the Arc
Page 47 and 48: The CrossSection feature class in A
Page 49 and 50: geodatabase (under Arc Hydro format
Page 51 and 52: 3.4.4 External Execution of HEC-RAS
Page 53 and 54: analysis. In particular, GIS has be
Page 55 and 56: 3.5.3 Model-Specific ElementsA geog
Page 57 and 58: Figure 3.11 Geographic and Hydrolog
Page 59 and 60: For HEC-RAS, the connectivity is ac
Page 61 and 62: cross sections in the hydraulic mod
Page 63 and 64: Section line for a RAS cross-sectio
Page 65 and 66: from the geodatabase back into the
Page 67 and 68: Figure 3.19 Relationship Classes fo
Page 69 and 70: Figure 3.20 DSS Time Series content
Page 71 and 72: Figure 3.22 Extended Time Series Co
Page 73 and 74: Figure 3.23 Creating a Flow File fr
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etween the HEC-DSS file system and
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The more specific steps for the pos
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Chapter 4 Map2Map Components4.1 MOD
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A subset of NEXRAD time series data
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A folder location is also provided
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Figure 4.4 Radar2GDB Model Componen
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ecords. Figure 4.6 illustrates the
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Figure 4.8 Time Series Tables and R
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having different formats and that a
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Part E: Time Interval of stored dat
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execution time and for their corres
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on the steps needed to transfer the
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Len_sBTime (I): The length of the s
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52: Invalid precision exponent spec
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methods: user hyetograph, user gage
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Once the hyetograph is defined (for
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The resulting runoff hydrograph is
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Thus, the time period for the entir
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After the ZSRTS subroutine is execu
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Figure 4.12 HMSCaller Model Compone
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ased on a process handle (a program
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These simple command line statement
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To programmatically accomplish this
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to provide the hydraulic input for
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information into the extended Arc H
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The HydroJunction, used for connect
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Once the identification of flow cha
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As with the GDB2HMSDSS, the first t
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4.1.7 Time Series ExtractionOnce th
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accomplish this have been developed
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straight forward for all time stamp
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As opposed to HEC-DSS, the Arc Hydr
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Table 4.4: Variable Type Equivalenc
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ZCAT DSS subroutines) and stored in
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Table 4.5: Time Interval Equivalenc
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There are not specific valid values
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catalog list. For the DSS2GDB appli
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4.1.9.1 Opening the HEC-DSS fileThe
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channel (the hydraulic representati
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the model if the new configuration
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the main program as a public module
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Then, the RASCaller application acc
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Figure 4.31 ProjectName Property in
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Figure 4.33 RunSteady Method in RAS
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Figure 4.34 ExportGIS Method in RAS
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data structures delivered by every
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The two most well-known models for
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The water surface elevations obtain
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Once the water surface elevations f
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Generate a suitable water surface m
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Figure 4.42 2 Foot-Contour Lines fo
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Figure 4.43 Rosillo Creek’s terra
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standard ArcGIS tool), is used in M
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By doing this, the water surface el
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Figure 4.49 Create Flood Polygon Mo
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Int OperationThe Integer operation
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case that was developed for Map2Map
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contours (isohyetals) or by interpo
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design storm input given its possib
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Figure 4.55 Workflow for Extracting
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for it. Finally, the DigitalStorm2H
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model for water resources (Maidment
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Hydro, the HydroJunctionHasCrossSec
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involved in the transformation of r
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process model in sequence. For the
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5.6 A TRUE SPATIAL APPROACHAutomate
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time series between NEXRAD, the HEC
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value of the entire runoff hydrogra
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case study. Bigger watersheds (abov
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The first step consists in installi
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3.7 Map2Map UsageAll of the model b
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Congratulations! You have successfu
Page 219 and 220:
Once the simplified version of Arc
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cells that cover your study area an
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Second, the user needs to modify th
Page 225 and 226:
Appendix BMap2Map CD Content1 CD Da
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o hmsproj - contains folders with H
Page 229 and 230:
Goodchild, M.F., Steyaert, L.T., an
Page 231 and 232:
Olsen R. J., Beling, P. A., Lambert
Page 233 and 234:
Werner, M. G. F. 2001. Impact of gr
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