Converting a NEXRAD Rainfall Map into a Flood Inundation Map by ...

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the ability to read from and write to the HEC-DSS database. This capabilityfacilitates the use of observed data by the models as well as the passing ofinformation between HEC software programs.HEC-DSS was written in FORTRAN 77 (whose development started in1979 prompted by the Kissimmee River study in Florida) and designed to becalled by FORTRAN programs. Today the use of the DSS system has expandedinto real-time data storage applications that allow rapid storage and retrieval offiles containing 100,000 records or more. The DSS is made up of a set of utilityprograms that allow access (interface) by multiple programs. That is, DSS makesuse of several subroutines in the software library HECLIB that enable otherprograms to interface with it. At its creation, back in 1979, the interfacingimplementations were centered on HEC applications programs like the wellknownFlood Hydrograph Package (HEC-1) and the Expected Annual Damage(EAD) program. At that time, interfacing implementations with external systemsoutside of the HEC series of models were not envisioned, much less interfacingimplementations with external programs developed in programming languagesother than FORTRAN.The original motivation behind the HEC-DSS system has some similaritywith the motivation of the present work, that is, the need to avoid the tedious stepwiseapproach in which most studies are performed. Under this step-wiseapproach, the data is passed from one analysis program to another in a manualfashion favoring a time consuming and error-prone workflow that is functionalbut not very productive nor efficient. Process analysis using the same type of data80
having different formats and that are sequentially related can take advantage of aunique DSS data format and a library of subroutines to empower a seamless endto-endintegration like the one described herein with GIS as the gluing platform.Therefore, the current integration scheme herein described relies on thislibrary for the data exchange necessary for wiring together the external modelingcomponents involved in an automated floodplain delineation system.Thus, the library of subroutines that make up the DSS system empower itwith the ability to readily be used with other applications programs to enableexternal retrieval and storage of information. The previous concept of havingmethods (subroutines) in charge of doing specialized DSS tasks was a milestonefor interfacing abilities that 20 plus years later can be exploited by interfacingimplementations with various external systems including the present work.Data within a DSS file is stored in blocks (or records) and each record isidentified by a unique identifier called a pathname. Besides the data itself,information about the data (metadata) is stored in the pathname parts and also inan internal header containing the data type, units of the data, and so on. In thisway, through information contained in the pathname and the internal header, thedata is self-documented and no additional information is required to describe it.By having access to the pathname parts and the header, any external system mayhave access to the DSS records which implies that the information can berecognized and understood even years after it was stored.As mentioned before, a major component of the HEC-DSS database is thestructure of the pathname (the unique identifier label for each block of DSS data).81
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Table of ContentsList of Figures ..
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4.1.12 The XML2GDB Script Tool ....
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Figure 3.24 Components of a Steady
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Figure 4.50 Create Flood Inundation
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Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 BACKGROUN
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for undeveloped or natural conditio
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All the previous statements favor t
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science, and engineering models as
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Different approaches have been used
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generic and self-described formats,
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externally executed from a central
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though GIS-based, the system does n
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Geographic Information Systems, Arc
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By defining the three basic functio
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containing an inventory of damage s
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Data Models in charge of storing an
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Figure 3.1 Floodplain Modeling Sche
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either with Schematic Nodes (for Su
Page 39 and 40: channel cross sections, available H
Page 41 and 42: sequential data, called pathnames,
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3.5 NEXRAD square cells (873
Page 45 and 46: geodatabase formatted with the Arc
Page 47 and 48: The CrossSection feature class in A
Page 49 and 50: geodatabase (under Arc Hydro format
Page 51 and 52: 3.4.4 External Execution of HEC-RAS
Page 53 and 54: analysis. In particular, GIS has be
Page 55 and 56: 3.5.3 Model-Specific ElementsA geog
Page 57 and 58: Figure 3.11 Geographic and Hydrolog
Page 59 and 60: For HEC-RAS, the connectivity is ac
Page 61 and 62: cross sections in the hydraulic mod
Page 63 and 64: Section line for a RAS cross-sectio
Page 65 and 66: from the geodatabase back into the
Page 67 and 68: Figure 3.19 Relationship Classes fo
Page 69 and 70: Figure 3.20 DSS Time Series content
Page 71 and 72: Figure 3.22 Extended Time Series Co
Page 73 and 74: Figure 3.23 Creating a Flow File fr
Page 75 and 76: etween the HEC-DSS file system and
Page 77 and 78: The more specific steps for the pos
Page 79 and 80: Chapter 4 Map2Map Components4.1 MOD
Page 81 and 82: A subset of NEXRAD time series data
Page 83 and 84: A folder location is also provided
Page 85 and 86: Figure 4.4 Radar2GDB Model Componen
Page 87 and 88: ecords. Figure 4.6 illustrates the
Page 89: Figure 4.8 Time Series Tables and R
Page 93 and 94: Part E: Time Interval of stored dat
Page 95 and 96: execution time and for their corres
Page 97 and 98: on the steps needed to transfer the
Page 99 and 100: Len_sBTime (I): The length of the s
Page 101 and 102: 52: Invalid precision exponent spec
Page 103 and 104: methods: user hyetograph, user gage
Page 105 and 106: Once the hyetograph is defined (for
Page 107 and 108: The resulting runoff hydrograph is
Page 109 and 110: Thus, the time period for the entir
Page 111 and 112: After the ZSRTS subroutine is execu
Page 113 and 114: Figure 4.12 HMSCaller Model Compone
Page 115 and 116: ased on a process handle (a program
Page 117 and 118: These simple command line statement
Page 119 and 120: To programmatically accomplish this
Page 121 and 122: to provide the hydraulic input for
Page 123 and 124: information into the extended Arc H
Page 125 and 126: The HydroJunction, used for connect
Page 127 and 128: Once the identification of flow cha
Page 129 and 130: As with the GDB2HMSDSS, the first t
Page 131 and 132: 4.1.7 Time Series ExtractionOnce th
Page 133 and 134: accomplish this have been developed
Page 135 and 136: straight forward for all time stamp
Page 137 and 138: As opposed to HEC-DSS, the Arc Hydr
Page 139 and 140: Table 4.4: Variable Type Equivalenc
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ZCAT DSS subroutines) and stored in
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Table 4.5: Time Interval Equivalenc
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There are not specific valid values
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catalog list. For the DSS2GDB appli
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4.1.9.1 Opening the HEC-DSS fileThe
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channel (the hydraulic representati
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the model if the new configuration
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the main program as a public module
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Then, the RASCaller application acc
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Figure 4.31 ProjectName Property in
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Figure 4.33 RunSteady Method in RAS
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Figure 4.34 ExportGIS Method in RAS
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data structures delivered by every
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The two most well-known models for
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The water surface elevations obtain
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Once the water surface elevations f
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Generate a suitable water surface m
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Figure 4.42 2 Foot-Contour Lines fo
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Figure 4.43 Rosillo Creek’s terra
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standard ArcGIS tool), is used in M
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By doing this, the water surface el
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Figure 4.49 Create Flood Polygon Mo
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Int OperationThe Integer operation
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case that was developed for Map2Map
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contours (isohyetals) or by interpo
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design storm input given its possib
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Figure 4.55 Workflow for Extracting
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for it. Finally, the DigitalStorm2H
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model for water resources (Maidment
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Hydro, the HydroJunctionHasCrossSec
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involved in the transformation of r
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process model in sequence. For the
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5.6 A TRUE SPATIAL APPROACHAutomate
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time series between NEXRAD, the HEC
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value of the entire runoff hydrogra
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case study. Bigger watersheds (abov
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The first step consists in installi
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3.7 Map2Map UsageAll of the model b
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Congratulations! You have successfu
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Once the simplified version of Arc
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cells that cover your study area an
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Second, the user needs to modify th
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Appendix BMap2Map CD Content1 CD Da
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o hmsproj - contains folders with H
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Goodchild, M.F., Steyaert, L.T., an
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Olsen R. J., Beling, P. A., Lambert
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Werner, M. G. F. 2001. Impact of gr
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