Converting a NEXRAD Rainfall Map into a Flood Inundation Map by ...

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files can then be written based on those DSS definitions. The first ASCII inputfile written by the application is the Meteorologic file (.met file extension) whichcontains the definition for the rainfall hyetograph for each modeled subbasin. Themost relevant components of this file (from the integration perspective) are thepointer to the HEC-DSS file location and the subbasin names.The reference to the HEC-DSS file location (in the meteorologic file) isassumed by the application to be at the same directory location of the HEC-HMSproject being integrated. This directory contains the initial configuration of theHEC-HMS model for the corresponding case study (Rosillo Creek in this case).Thus, the output HEC-DSS file with the rainfall datasets defining a hyetographfor each subbasin is located in the same folder location as the HMS project.Next, each subbasin is referenced to one of the registered gages containingthe rainfall hyetograph for it. To accomplish this, the related gage name isregistered in the meteorologic file under the subbasin section owning thehyetograph. By doing this, the subbasin will point to a single gage (a virtual gageat a centroid subbasin location) that contains the rainfall hyetograph to behydrologically routed through that subbasin. Therefore, the meteorologic filecontains not only a registry of all the subbasins that comprise the system but alsothe hypothetical gage that has ownership on the affecting rainfall hyetograph foreach subbasin. By doing this, the meteorologic file is updated by the applicationwith the information of the new rainfall event that wants to be transformed asrecorded by the NEXRAD radar.96
The resulting runoff hydrograph is owned by the hydrologic element(junction, subbasin, reservoir or source) topologically upstream of the reachreceiving the runoff hydrograph to be superimposed in the sequential routingprocess. Most of the time (as in the current case study) the hydrologic elementowning the hydrograph (flow change location point) will be the junctionrepresenting a confluence point of a tributary and for the most upstream reach, thehydrograph will belong to the headwater subbasin itself (an upstream boundarycondition). That is, the runoff generating element will remain as the owner since itis also the most upstream element of the receiving reach.To systematically establish the ownership of the resulting runoffhydrograph by the most upstream element of the receiving reach, the B part of theHEC-DSS pathname is used to store the name of the hydrologic element throughwhich the hydrograph is entering the system (a main stem reach). In short, the Bpart will be populated with the name of the element that passes the hydrograph tothe next downstream reach (which sometimes happens to be the very sameelement that generates the hydrograph or most usually a junction representing aconfluence point).4.1.3.6 Extracting the Time Stamp and ValueNext, the application (GDB2HMSDSS script tool) opens the Arc HydroTimeSeries table to get the time series data for each Watershed based on theunique combination of the FeatureID of each Watershed and the variable typebeing read (precipitation in this case). The precipitation values for each subbasinare then placed in a 2-dimensional array in which the first dimension represents97
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Table of ContentsList of Figures ..
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4.1.12 The XML2GDB Script Tool ....
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Figure 3.24 Components of a Steady
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Figure 4.50 Create Flood Inundation
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Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 BACKGROUN
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for undeveloped or natural conditio
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All the previous statements favor t
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science, and engineering models as
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Different approaches have been used
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generic and self-described formats,
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externally executed from a central
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though GIS-based, the system does n
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Geographic Information Systems, Arc
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By defining the three basic functio
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containing an inventory of damage s
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Data Models in charge of storing an
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Figure 3.1 Floodplain Modeling Sche
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either with Schematic Nodes (for Su
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channel cross sections, available H
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sequential data, called pathnames,
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Figure 3.5 NEXRAD square cells (873
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geodatabase formatted with the Arc
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The CrossSection feature class in A
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geodatabase (under Arc Hydro format
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3.4.4 External Execution of HEC-RAS
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analysis. In particular, GIS has be
Page 55 and 56: 3.5.3 Model-Specific ElementsA geog
Page 57 and 58: Figure 3.11 Geographic and Hydrolog
Page 59 and 60: For HEC-RAS, the connectivity is ac
Page 61 and 62: cross sections in the hydraulic mod
Page 63 and 64: Section line for a RAS cross-sectio
Page 65 and 66: from the geodatabase back into the
Page 67 and 68: Figure 3.19 Relationship Classes fo
Page 69 and 70: Figure 3.20 DSS Time Series content
Page 71 and 72: Figure 3.22 Extended Time Series Co
Page 73 and 74: Figure 3.23 Creating a Flow File fr
Page 75 and 76: etween the HEC-DSS file system and
Page 77 and 78: The more specific steps for the pos
Page 79 and 80: Chapter 4 Map2Map Components4.1 MOD
Page 81 and 82: A subset of NEXRAD time series data
Page 83 and 84: A folder location is also provided
Page 85 and 86: Figure 4.4 Radar2GDB Model Componen
Page 87 and 88: ecords. Figure 4.6 illustrates the
Page 89 and 90: Figure 4.8 Time Series Tables and R
Page 91 and 92: having different formats and that a
Page 93 and 94: Part E: Time Interval of stored dat
Page 95 and 96: execution time and for their corres
Page 97 and 98: on the steps needed to transfer the
Page 99 and 100: Len_sBTime (I): The length of the s
Page 101 and 102: 52: Invalid precision exponent spec
Page 103 and 104: methods: user hyetograph, user gage
Page 105: Once the hyetograph is defined (for
Page 109 and 110: Thus, the time period for the entir
Page 111 and 112: After the ZSRTS subroutine is execu
Page 113 and 114: Figure 4.12 HMSCaller Model Compone
Page 115 and 116: ased on a process handle (a program
Page 117 and 118: These simple command line statement
Page 119 and 120: To programmatically accomplish this
Page 121 and 122: to provide the hydraulic input for
Page 123 and 124: information into the extended Arc H
Page 125 and 126: The HydroJunction, used for connect
Page 127 and 128: Once the identification of flow cha
Page 129 and 130: As with the GDB2HMSDSS, the first t
Page 131 and 132: 4.1.7 Time Series ExtractionOnce th
Page 133 and 134: accomplish this have been developed
Page 135 and 136: straight forward for all time stamp
Page 137 and 138: As opposed to HEC-DSS, the Arc Hydr
Page 139 and 140: Table 4.4: Variable Type Equivalenc
Page 141 and 142: ZCAT DSS subroutines) and stored in
Page 143 and 144: Table 4.5: Time Interval Equivalenc
Page 145 and 146: There are not specific valid values
Page 147 and 148: catalog list. For the DSS2GDB appli
Page 149 and 150: 4.1.9.1 Opening the HEC-DSS fileThe
Page 151 and 152: channel (the hydraulic representati
Page 153 and 154: the model if the new configuration
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Then, the RASCaller application acc
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Figure 4.31 ProjectName Property in
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Figure 4.33 RunSteady Method in RAS
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Figure 4.34 ExportGIS Method in RAS
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data structures delivered by every
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The two most well-known models for
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The water surface elevations obtain
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Once the water surface elevations f
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Generate a suitable water surface m
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Figure 4.42 2 Foot-Contour Lines fo
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Figure 4.43 Rosillo Creek’s terra
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standard ArcGIS tool), is used in M
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By doing this, the water surface el
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Figure 4.49 Create Flood Polygon Mo
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Int OperationThe Integer operation
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case that was developed for Map2Map
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contours (isohyetals) or by interpo
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design storm input given its possib
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Figure 4.55 Workflow for Extracting
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for it. Finally, the DigitalStorm2H
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model for water resources (Maidment
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Hydro, the HydroJunctionHasCrossSec
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involved in the transformation of r
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process model in sequence. For the
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5.6 A TRUE SPATIAL APPROACHAutomate
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time series between NEXRAD, the HEC
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value of the entire runoff hydrogra
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case study. Bigger watersheds (abov
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The first step consists in installi
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3.7 Map2Map UsageAll of the model b
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Congratulations! You have successfu
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Once the simplified version of Arc
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cells that cover your study area an
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Second, the user needs to modify th
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Appendix BMap2Map CD Content1 CD Da
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o hmsproj - contains folders with H
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Goodchild, M.F., Steyaert, L.T., an
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Olsen R. J., Beling, P. A., Lambert
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Werner, M. G. F. 2001. Impact of gr
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Converting a NEXRAD Rainfall Map into a Flood Inundation Map by ...

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