Converting a NEXRAD Rainfall Map into a Flood Inundation Map by ...

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Figure 4.35 Quit Method in RAS Library4.1.11 The SDF2XML Script ToolAfter the hydraulic simulation is completed in HEC-RAS, the watersurface elevations and their geometric definition (cross section location andextent) need to be transferred back to GIS for generating the flood inundationmap.As mentioned before, an SDF file (Spatial Data File) is the GIScompatible output file from a HEC-RAS simulation. This file contains geometricdefinitions of all relevant elements (reaches and cross section cutlines) as well aswater surface elevations and spatial extent (flood boundary line) for each crosssection in the HEC-RAS model. Exchange of information between externalsystems has proved to be a challenge due to the great diversity of file formats and154
data structures delivered <strong>by</strong> every system. One alternative that has been adoptedas a standard for data exchange between independent applications is XML(Extended Markup Language), a language that temporarily holds data for movingit between heterogeneous applications and platforms <strong>by</strong> clearly “tagging” its datacontent. To overcome the distributed and heterogeneous character of the datasets,federated database management systems (DBMS) constituting seamlessapproaches to data exchange have been proposed (Raman et al., 2002). In general,the data transfer between applications must be as decoupled from the applicationsas possible while still maintaining context. XML provides the means foraccomplishing this (Harold and Means, 2001).XML is a self-describing mark-up language that describes hierarchicaltrees of data. The description in XML is done through HTML type of tags andthey describe the data that they delimit as opposed to describing the look of thedata they delimit. Thus, the describing tags hold the metadata keywords that tellapplications the meaning of the data and not the visual representation of it. Thetags can contain multiple levels of metadata descriptors in the form of node namesand attributes.Another key characteristic of XML is its extensibility character. Thismeans that unlike HTML, which has a limited number of predefined tagsdescribing the look of the data (bold, italic, table, and so on), XML supportscustom tags. So, if the data in XML is related to water resources, the engineermay create specific tags for that type of information. Figure 4.36 shows an155
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Table of ContentsList of Figures ..
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4.1.12 The XML2GDB Script Tool ....
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Figure 3.24 Components of a Steady
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Figure 4.50 Create Flood Inundation
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Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 BACKGROUN
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for undeveloped or natural conditio
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All the previous statements favor t
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science, and engineering models as
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Different approaches have been used
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generic and self-described formats,
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externally executed from a central
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though GIS-based, the system does n
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Geographic Information Systems, Arc
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By defining the three basic functio
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containing an inventory of damage s
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Data Models in charge of storing an
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Figure 3.1 Floodplain Modeling Sche
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either with Schematic Nodes (for Su
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channel cross sections, available H
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sequential data, called pathnames,
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Figure 3.5 NEXRAD square cells (873
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geodatabase formatted with the Arc
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The CrossSection feature class in A
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geodatabase (under Arc Hydro format
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3.4.4 External Execution of HEC-RAS
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analysis. In particular, GIS has be
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3.5.3 Model-Specific ElementsA geog
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Figure 3.11 Geographic and Hydrolog
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For HEC-RAS, the connectivity is ac
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cross sections in the hydraulic mod
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Section line for a RAS cross-sectio
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from the geodatabase back into the
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Figure 3.19 Relationship Classes fo
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Figure 3.20 DSS Time Series content
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Figure 3.22 Extended Time Series Co
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Figure 3.23 Creating a Flow File fr
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etween the HEC-DSS file system and
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The more specific steps for the pos
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Chapter 4 Map2Map Components4.1 MOD
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A subset of NEXRAD time series data
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A folder location is also provided
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Figure 4.4 Radar2GDB Model Componen
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ecords. Figure 4.6 illustrates the
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Figure 4.8 Time Series Tables and R
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having different formats and that a
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Part E: Time Interval of stored dat
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execution time and for their corres
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on the steps needed to transfer the
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Len_sBTime (I): The length of the s
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52: Invalid precision exponent spec
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methods: user hyetograph, user gage
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Once the hyetograph is defined (for
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The resulting runoff hydrograph is
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Thus, the time period for the entir
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After the ZSRTS subroutine is execu
Page 113 and 114: Figure 4.12 HMSCaller Model Compone
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Page 125 and 126: The HydroJunction, used for connect
Page 127 and 128: Once the identification of flow cha
Page 129 and 130: As with the GDB2HMSDSS, the first t
Page 131 and 132: 4.1.7 Time Series ExtractionOnce th
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Page 139 and 140: Table 4.4: Variable Type Equivalenc
Page 141 and 142: ZCAT DSS subroutines) and stored in
Page 143 and 144: Table 4.5: Time Interval Equivalenc
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Page 147 and 148: catalog list. For the DSS2GDB appli
Page 149 and 150: 4.1.9.1 Opening the HEC-DSS fileThe
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Page 157 and 158: Then, the RASCaller application acc
Page 159 and 160: Figure 4.31 ProjectName Property in
Page 161 and 162: Figure 4.33 RunSteady Method in RAS
Page 163: Figure 4.34 ExportGIS Method in RAS
Page 167 and 168: The two most well-known models for
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Page 171 and 172: Once the water surface elevations f
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Page 175 and 176: Figure 4.42 2 Foot-Contour Lines fo
Page 177 and 178: Figure 4.43 Rosillo Creek’s terra
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Page 181 and 182: By doing this, the water surface el
Page 183 and 184: Figure 4.49 Create Flood Polygon Mo
Page 185 and 186: Int OperationThe Integer operation
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Page 193 and 194: Figure 4.55 Workflow for Extracting
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Page 201 and 202: involved in the transformation of r
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Page 205 and 206: 5.6 A TRUE SPATIAL APPROACHAutomate
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Page 211 and 212: case study. Bigger watersheds (abov
Page 213 and 214: The first step consists in installi
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3.7 Map2Map UsageAll of the model b
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Congratulations! You have successfu
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Once the simplified version of Arc
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cells that cover your study area an
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Second, the user needs to modify th
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Appendix BMap2Map CD Content1 CD Da
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o hmsproj - contains folders with H
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Goodchild, M.F., Steyaert, L.T., an
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Olsen R. J., Beling, P. A., Lambert
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Werner, M. G. F. 2001. Impact of gr
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