Converting a NEXRAD Rainfall Map into a Flood Inundation Map by ...

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ARC/INFO was selected at the time as the central framework to develop themodel (Tineke De et al., 1996).GIS-based flood hazard assessment schemes have been proposed byseveral researchers. A flood impact assessment system based on land use wasdeveloped using ARC/INFO and its customization language AML (Arc MacroLanguage) (Boyle et al., 1998). The GIS interface included hydraulic simulations,generic damage curves, and simulation functions for alternative plan evaluations.This method does not have explicit consideration of uncertainties and thefloodplain modeling phase starts at the hydraulic level.A GIS-based flood information system for the Chia-I County in Taiwanhas also been reported (Yang and Tsai, 2000). This system encompasses threemain components: floodplain modeling, flood damage, and flood informationsupport. The floodplain modeling method uses modeling cells defined by irregularpolygons associated with the main channel and to the floodplains. The cellboundaries are defined by high ground corresponding to stream banks, levees,roads, etc. and the land use within each modeling cell is considered to behomogeneous. The downside of this system is the lack of hydrologic simulationsbased on the design storms defined for flood damage calculations.More recently, a flood warning and response system that employs aerialphotography, terrain elevation data, channel geometry, demographic andstructural data, and transportation systems with a hydraulic HEC-RAS model hasbeen implemented to create an automated flood mapping application using the16
Geographic Information Systems, ArcGIS, for the Susquehanna River inPennsylvania (Ackerman, 2004).Out of the above reported GIS-based systems, only the Hong Kong(Brimicombe and Bartlett, 1996) and the Taiwanese (Yang and Tsai, 2000)approaches included some type of hydrologic and hydraulic integration to supportfloodplain delineation and flood damage evaluations. The MIKE11-GIS Arc Viewinterface configures an integration scheme with the 1D hydraulic model of theDanish Hydraulic Institute, the Susquehanna flood warning system representsintegration with just the HEC-RAS hydraulic component.All the reported GIS-based Flood Information Systems described above,except for the Susquehanna system, use some level of aggregation for thefloodplain infrastructure inventory. The system for Taiwan defines modeling cellswith homogeneous land use in it configuring a damage aggregation at the celllevel. The case study for Ontario directly divides the floodplain into four types ofland uses (residential, commercial, industrial, and open space) withoutaggregating them at the modeling cell level. Once a property is classified in oneof this four land use categories they are all treated the same way in terms of flooddamage calculations. Thus, there are two levels of aggregation, the land use level(for flood damage calculation purposes) and the modeling cell level (to simplifyhydraulic calculations) which includes the first one also. By having the secondlevel of aggregation for hydraulic reasons the system does not account for landuse variations within each modeling cell which represents an important limitationfor the flood damage assessment component and its very spatial nature.17
Page 3 and 4: Table of ContentsList of Figures ..
Page 5 and 6: 4.1.12 The XML2GDB Script Tool ....
Page 7 and 8: Figure 3.24 Components of a Steady
Page 9 and 10: Figure 4.50 Create Flood Inundation
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 BACKGROUN
Page 13 and 14: for undeveloped or natural conditio
Page 15 and 16: All the previous statements favor t
Page 17 and 18: science, and engineering models as
Page 19 and 20: Different approaches have been used
Page 21 and 22: generic and self-described formats,
Page 23 and 24: externally executed from a central
Page 25: though GIS-based, the system does n
Page 29 and 30: By defining the three basic functio
Page 31 and 32: containing an inventory of damage s
Page 33 and 34: Data Models in charge of storing an
Page 35 and 36: Figure 3.1 Floodplain Modeling Sche
Page 37 and 38: either with Schematic Nodes (for Su
Page 39 and 40: channel cross sections, available H
Page 41 and 42: sequential data, called pathnames,
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3.5 NEXRAD square cells (873
Page 45 and 46: geodatabase formatted with the Arc
Page 47 and 48: The CrossSection feature class in A
Page 49 and 50: geodatabase (under Arc Hydro format
Page 51 and 52: 3.4.4 External Execution of HEC-RAS
Page 53 and 54: analysis. In particular, GIS has be
Page 55 and 56: 3.5.3 Model-Specific ElementsA geog
Page 57 and 58: Figure 3.11 Geographic and Hydrolog
Page 59 and 60: For HEC-RAS, the connectivity is ac
Page 61 and 62: cross sections in the hydraulic mod
Page 63 and 64: Section line for a RAS cross-sectio
Page 65 and 66: from the geodatabase back into the
Page 67 and 68: Figure 3.19 Relationship Classes fo
Page 69 and 70: Figure 3.20 DSS Time Series content
Page 71 and 72: Figure 3.22 Extended Time Series Co
Page 73 and 74: Figure 3.23 Creating a Flow File fr
Page 75 and 76: etween the HEC-DSS file system and
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The more specific steps for the pos
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Chapter 4 Map2Map Components4.1 MOD
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A subset of NEXRAD time series data
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A folder location is also provided
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Figure 4.4 Radar2GDB Model Componen
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ecords. Figure 4.6 illustrates the
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Figure 4.8 Time Series Tables and R
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having different formats and that a
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Part E: Time Interval of stored dat
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execution time and for their corres
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on the steps needed to transfer the
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Len_sBTime (I): The length of the s
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52: Invalid precision exponent spec
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methods: user hyetograph, user gage
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Once the hyetograph is defined (for
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The resulting runoff hydrograph is
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Thus, the time period for the entir
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After the ZSRTS subroutine is execu
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Figure 4.12 HMSCaller Model Compone
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ased on a process handle (a program
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These simple command line statement
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To programmatically accomplish this
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to provide the hydraulic input for
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information into the extended Arc H
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The HydroJunction, used for connect
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Once the identification of flow cha
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As with the GDB2HMSDSS, the first t
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4.1.7 Time Series ExtractionOnce th
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accomplish this have been developed
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straight forward for all time stamp
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As opposed to HEC-DSS, the Arc Hydr
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Table 4.4: Variable Type Equivalenc
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ZCAT DSS subroutines) and stored in
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Table 4.5: Time Interval Equivalenc
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There are not specific valid values
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catalog list. For the DSS2GDB appli
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4.1.9.1 Opening the HEC-DSS fileThe
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channel (the hydraulic representati
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the model if the new configuration
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the main program as a public module
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Then, the RASCaller application acc
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Figure 4.31 ProjectName Property in
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Figure 4.33 RunSteady Method in RAS
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Figure 4.34 ExportGIS Method in RAS
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data structures delivered by every
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The two most well-known models for
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The water surface elevations obtain
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Once the water surface elevations f
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Generate a suitable water surface m
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Figure 4.42 2 Foot-Contour Lines fo
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Figure 4.43 Rosillo Creek’s terra
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standard ArcGIS tool), is used in M
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By doing this, the water surface el
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Figure 4.49 Create Flood Polygon Mo
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Int OperationThe Integer operation
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case that was developed for Map2Map
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contours (isohyetals) or by interpo
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design storm input given its possib
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Figure 4.55 Workflow for Extracting
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for it. Finally, the DigitalStorm2H
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model for water resources (Maidment
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Hydro, the HydroJunctionHasCrossSec
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involved in the transformation of r
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process model in sequence. For the
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5.6 A TRUE SPATIAL APPROACHAutomate
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time series between NEXRAD, the HEC
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value of the entire runoff hydrogra
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case study. Bigger watersheds (abov
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The first step consists in installi
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3.7 Map2Map UsageAll of the model b
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Congratulations! You have successfu
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Once the simplified version of Arc
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cells that cover your study area an
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Second, the user needs to modify th
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Appendix BMap2Map CD Content1 CD Da
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o hmsproj - contains folders with H
Page 229 and 230:
Goodchild, M.F., Steyaert, L.T., an
Page 231 and 232:
Olsen R. J., Beling, P. A., Lambert
Page 233 and 234:
Werner, M. G. F. 2001. Impact of gr
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