Converting a NEXRAD Rainfall Map into a Flood Inundation Map by ...

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Figure 4.9 2-D Array storing watershed’s counter and HEC-DSS descriptors4.1.3.3 Generating the Meteorologic FileCommunication of data with HEC-HMS must be done via ASCII files.The interfacing program must write the data needed by the external program intoinput files, using the information read or generated by the previous process in theworkflow.The meteorologic model in HEC-HMS performs computations ofprecipitation and evapotranspiration on each subbasin in the subbasin list. Thiscomponent is defined by the meteorologic file in which various setup alternativescan be chosen. Precipitation for each subbasin can be obtained by several92
methods: user hyetograph, user gage weighting, inverse-distance gage weighting,gridded precipitation, frequency storm, standard project storm, and the SCShypothetical storm. The first four methods are used for the analysis of historicalprecipitation datasets and the last three methods are designed for producingsynthetic precipitation events. The user specified hyetograph method may also beused for feeding a synthetic storm computed outside the HEC-HMS model. Theuser has then four options for defining historical events and four options fordefining synthetic events.At first, the gridded precipitation option seems to be the logical choice forthe ingestion of the precipitation records since the source of precipitation isNEXRAD data and that the radar values are estimated and remapped to a nationalsquare grid called the Hydrologic Analysis Project (HRAP) grid (Reed andMaidment, 1999). Under this grid-based option, quasi-distributed cell-basedhydrologic attributes can be used for the ModClark basin transform method in theHEC-HMS meteorologic definition.Even though the gridded precipation method was devised for using radarrainfall data inside HEC-HMS, for the Map2Map implementation the griddedprecipitation option was not used for a couple of reasons:• In HEC-HMS, gridded data must be at 1-hour intervals and the timeinterval in the control specifications must also be set to 1 hour. Thisposes a limitation on the resolution of the NEXRAD data that theapplication might ingest (specially for real-time applications withsmall time interval of 15 minutes or less) and a limitation on the93
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Table of ContentsList of Figures ..
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4.1.12 The XML2GDB Script Tool ....
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Figure 3.24 Components of a Steady
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Figure 4.50 Create Flood Inundation
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Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 BACKGROUN
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for undeveloped or natural conditio
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All the previous statements favor t
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science, and engineering models as
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Different approaches have been used
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generic and self-described formats,
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externally executed from a central
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though GIS-based, the system does n
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Geographic Information Systems, Arc
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By defining the three basic functio
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containing an inventory of damage s
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Data Models in charge of storing an
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Figure 3.1 Floodplain Modeling Sche
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either with Schematic Nodes (for Su
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channel cross sections, available H
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sequential data, called pathnames,
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Figure 3.5 NEXRAD square cells (873
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geodatabase formatted with the Arc
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The CrossSection feature class in A
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geodatabase (under Arc Hydro format
Page 51 and 52: 3.4.4 External Execution of HEC-RAS
Page 53 and 54: analysis. In particular, GIS has be
Page 55 and 56: 3.5.3 Model-Specific ElementsA geog
Page 57 and 58: Figure 3.11 Geographic and Hydrolog
Page 59 and 60: For HEC-RAS, the connectivity is ac
Page 61 and 62: cross sections in the hydraulic mod
Page 63 and 64: Section line for a RAS cross-sectio
Page 65 and 66: from the geodatabase back into the
Page 67 and 68: Figure 3.19 Relationship Classes fo
Page 69 and 70: Figure 3.20 DSS Time Series content
Page 71 and 72: Figure 3.22 Extended Time Series Co
Page 73 and 74: Figure 3.23 Creating a Flow File fr
Page 75 and 76: etween the HEC-DSS file system and
Page 77 and 78: The more specific steps for the pos
Page 79 and 80: Chapter 4 Map2Map Components4.1 MOD
Page 81 and 82: A subset of NEXRAD time series data
Page 83 and 84: A folder location is also provided
Page 85 and 86: Figure 4.4 Radar2GDB Model Componen
Page 87 and 88: ecords. Figure 4.6 illustrates the
Page 89 and 90: Figure 4.8 Time Series Tables and R
Page 91 and 92: having different formats and that a
Page 93 and 94: Part E: Time Interval of stored dat
Page 95 and 96: execution time and for their corres
Page 97 and 98: on the steps needed to transfer the
Page 99 and 100: Len_sBTime (I): The length of the s
Page 101: 52: Invalid precision exponent spec
Page 105 and 106: Once the hyetograph is defined (for
Page 107 and 108: The resulting runoff hydrograph is
Page 109 and 110: Thus, the time period for the entir
Page 111 and 112: After the ZSRTS subroutine is execu
Page 113 and 114: Figure 4.12 HMSCaller Model Compone
Page 115 and 116: ased on a process handle (a program
Page 117 and 118: These simple command line statement
Page 119 and 120: To programmatically accomplish this
Page 121 and 122: to provide the hydraulic input for
Page 123 and 124: information into the extended Arc H
Page 125 and 126: The HydroJunction, used for connect
Page 127 and 128: Once the identification of flow cha
Page 129 and 130: As with the GDB2HMSDSS, the first t
Page 131 and 132: 4.1.7 Time Series ExtractionOnce th
Page 133 and 134: accomplish this have been developed
Page 135 and 136: straight forward for all time stamp
Page 137 and 138: As opposed to HEC-DSS, the Arc Hydr
Page 139 and 140: Table 4.4: Variable Type Equivalenc
Page 141 and 142: ZCAT DSS subroutines) and stored in
Page 143 and 144: Table 4.5: Time Interval Equivalenc
Page 145 and 146: There are not specific valid values
Page 147 and 148: catalog list. For the DSS2GDB appli
Page 149 and 150: 4.1.9.1 Opening the HEC-DSS fileThe
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the model if the new configuration
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the main program as a public module
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Then, the RASCaller application acc
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Figure 4.31 ProjectName Property in
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Figure 4.33 RunSteady Method in RAS
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Figure 4.34 ExportGIS Method in RAS
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data structures delivered by every
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The two most well-known models for
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The water surface elevations obtain
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Once the water surface elevations f
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Generate a suitable water surface m
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Figure 4.42 2 Foot-Contour Lines fo
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Figure 4.43 Rosillo Creek’s terra
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standard ArcGIS tool), is used in M
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By doing this, the water surface el
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Figure 4.49 Create Flood Polygon Mo
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Int OperationThe Integer operation
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case that was developed for Map2Map
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contours (isohyetals) or by interpo
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design storm input given its possib
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Figure 4.55 Workflow for Extracting
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for it. Finally, the DigitalStorm2H
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model for water resources (Maidment
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Hydro, the HydroJunctionHasCrossSec
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involved in the transformation of r
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process model in sequence. For the
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5.6 A TRUE SPATIAL APPROACHAutomate
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time series between NEXRAD, the HEC
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value of the entire runoff hydrogra
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case study. Bigger watersheds (abov
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The first step consists in installi
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3.7 Map2Map UsageAll of the model b
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Congratulations! You have successfu
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Once the simplified version of Arc
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cells that cover your study area an
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Second, the user needs to modify th
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Appendix BMap2Map CD Content1 CD Da
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o hmsproj - contains folders with H
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Goodchild, M.F., Steyaert, L.T., an
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Olsen R. J., Beling, P. A., Lambert
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Werner, M. G. F. 2001. Impact of gr
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