Converting a NEXRAD Rainfall Map into a Flood Inundation Map by ...

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line needed for external execution and/or add new parameters to the DOSstatement or even provide external access by means of an object library thatexposes not only the execution options of the model but also additionalfunctionalities like import and export operations. New HEC-RAS versions mayalso change the names and needed parameters of the properties and methodsdefined in the RAS object library (HEC-RAS controller) used to externally accessthe hydraulic model.In addition to changes in access formats and structures, Map2Map can alsobe affected by changes in input and output file structures. Since on-the-fly fileupdates need to be done in Map2Map based on the characteristics of the newstorm event being simulated, the content of the input and output files is modifiedaccordingly. These file updates are based on current file structures that can bemodified in new releases of both HMS and RAS.As new versions of HMS and RAS are released, the aforementionedchanges will need to be implemented in the Map2Map application to keep in tunewith integrated external applications. The modular character of Map2Mapprovides a comprehensive framework that facilitates the computer code updateneeded to comply with new model’s access mechanisms and file structures.The current modeling integration for this research was based on steadystatehydraulic simulations that might be further extended to support unsteadystate simulations for better tracking and description of the floodplain mapdynamics as opposed to focusing only on the maximum extent of the floodinundation map. The steady state definition in Map2Map which utilizes the peak198
value of the entire runoff hydrograph provides a conservative estimate of theflood maps that is only useful for worst case scenario type of analysis (forplanning and design purposes) but it does not provide a realistic simulation of thefloodplain as might be needed in warning and emergency response systems. Theunsteady state definition however, provides a higher level of complexity since itonly allows definition of a single routing reach at a time. By having a single reachdefinition, the unsteady state configurations will hamper the ability to defineboundary conditions representing entering tributaries that supply additional runoffhydrographs to be superimposed and routed along the main channel system. Towork around this unsteady restriction, several Map2Map definitions for eachreach might be developed and nested to be sequentially executed by means of ascript in charge of establishing the Map2Map batch process inside a loop for theentire number of river reaches. Even though viable, the aforementionedalternative to configure unsteady state simulations via nested Map2Map modelsfor each reach may prove to be cumbersome and not robust under the currentversion of ArcGIS ModelBuilder.The Map2Map simulation results are only as good as the modelingsystems used by it. The intrinsic modeling limitations in HEC-RAS and HEC-HMS are inherited by Map2Map since it is only a framework for the integrationof the modeling systems. Specific geomorphologic considerations that describecomplex sedimentation processes in flooded over banks at river’s delta areas canonly be considered to the extent that the hydraulic simulation in HEC-RAS199
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Table of ContentsList of Figures ..
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4.1.12 The XML2GDB Script Tool ....
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Figure 3.24 Components of a Steady
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Figure 4.50 Create Flood Inundation
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Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 BACKGROUN
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for undeveloped or natural conditio
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All the previous statements favor t
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science, and engineering models as
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Different approaches have been used
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generic and self-described formats,
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externally executed from a central
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though GIS-based, the system does n
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Geographic Information Systems, Arc
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By defining the three basic functio
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containing an inventory of damage s
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Data Models in charge of storing an
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Figure 3.1 Floodplain Modeling Sche
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either with Schematic Nodes (for Su
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channel cross sections, available H
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sequential data, called pathnames,
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Figure 3.5 NEXRAD square cells (873
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geodatabase formatted with the Arc
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The CrossSection feature class in A
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geodatabase (under Arc Hydro format
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3.4.4 External Execution of HEC-RAS
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analysis. In particular, GIS has be
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3.5.3 Model-Specific ElementsA geog
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Figure 3.11 Geographic and Hydrolog
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For HEC-RAS, the connectivity is ac
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cross sections in the hydraulic mod
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Section line for a RAS cross-sectio
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from the geodatabase back into the
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Figure 3.19 Relationship Classes fo
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Figure 3.20 DSS Time Series content
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Figure 3.22 Extended Time Series Co
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Figure 3.23 Creating a Flow File fr
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etween the HEC-DSS file system and
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The more specific steps for the pos
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Chapter 4 Map2Map Components4.1 MOD
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A subset of NEXRAD time series data
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A folder location is also provided
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Figure 4.4 Radar2GDB Model Componen
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ecords. Figure 4.6 illustrates the
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Figure 4.8 Time Series Tables and R
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having different formats and that a
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Part E: Time Interval of stored dat
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execution time and for their corres
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on the steps needed to transfer the
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Len_sBTime (I): The length of the s
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52: Invalid precision exponent spec
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methods: user hyetograph, user gage
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Once the hyetograph is defined (for
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The resulting runoff hydrograph is
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Thus, the time period for the entir
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After the ZSRTS subroutine is execu
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Figure 4.12 HMSCaller Model Compone
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ased on a process handle (a program
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These simple command line statement
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To programmatically accomplish this
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to provide the hydraulic input for
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information into the extended Arc H
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The HydroJunction, used for connect
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Once the identification of flow cha
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As with the GDB2HMSDSS, the first t
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4.1.7 Time Series ExtractionOnce th
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accomplish this have been developed
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straight forward for all time stamp
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As opposed to HEC-DSS, the Arc Hydr
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Table 4.4: Variable Type Equivalenc
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ZCAT DSS subroutines) and stored in
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Table 4.5: Time Interval Equivalenc
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There are not specific valid values
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catalog list. For the DSS2GDB appli
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4.1.9.1 Opening the HEC-DSS fileThe
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channel (the hydraulic representati
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the model if the new configuration
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the main program as a public module
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Page 159 and 160: Figure 4.31 ProjectName Property in
Page 161 and 162: Figure 4.33 RunSteady Method in RAS
Page 163 and 164: Figure 4.34 ExportGIS Method in RAS
Page 165 and 166: data structures delivered by every
Page 167 and 168: The two most well-known models for
Page 169 and 170: The water surface elevations obtain
Page 171 and 172: Once the water surface elevations f
Page 173 and 174: Generate a suitable water surface m
Page 175 and 176: Figure 4.42 2 Foot-Contour Lines fo
Page 177 and 178: Figure 4.43 Rosillo Creek’s terra
Page 179 and 180: standard ArcGIS tool), is used in M
Page 181 and 182: By doing this, the water surface el
Page 183 and 184: Figure 4.49 Create Flood Polygon Mo
Page 185 and 186: Int OperationThe Integer operation
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Page 189 and 190: contours (isohyetals) or by interpo
Page 191 and 192: design storm input given its possib
Page 193 and 194: Figure 4.55 Workflow for Extracting
Page 195 and 196: for it. Finally, the DigitalStorm2H
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Page 199 and 200: Hydro, the HydroJunctionHasCrossSec
Page 201 and 202: involved in the transformation of r
Page 203 and 204: process model in sequence. For the
Page 205 and 206: 5.6 A TRUE SPATIAL APPROACHAutomate
Page 207: time series between NEXRAD, the HEC
Page 211 and 212: case study. Bigger watersheds (abov
Page 213 and 214: The first step consists in installi
Page 215 and 216: 3.7 Map2Map UsageAll of the model b
Page 217 and 218: Congratulations! You have successfu
Page 219 and 220: Once the simplified version of Arc
Page 221 and 222: cells that cover your study area an
Page 223 and 224: Second, the user needs to modify th
Page 225 and 226: Appendix BMap2Map CD Content1 CD Da
Page 227 and 228: o hmsproj - contains folders with H
Page 229 and 230: Goodchild, M.F., Steyaert, L.T., an
Page 231 and 232: Olsen R. J., Beling, P. A., Lambert
Page 233 and 234: Werner, M. G. F. 2001. Impact of gr
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Converting a NEXRAD Rainfall Map into a Flood Inundation Map by ...

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