Alexander : a history of the origin and growth of the art of war from ...

80 STRATEGOLand sucli other tactical movements were useful rather on thedi'ill-oround than on the battlefield.Athens.—Athens, after Marathon, which redounded to hergreatest honor, rose rapidly in power, and the tendency towardsdemocracy brought about many changes. Citizensfrom twenty to forty were stiU subject to military duty, butwere permitted to procure substitutes. The list of citizensfreed from military duty grew large. Aliens, freedmen andeven slaves gradually crept into the ranks, the latter mostlyin the fleet. Auxiliary trooj)s from allied or tributary nationsand mercenaries increased in proportion to the citizen-soldiers.The forces of Athens were large, especially at sea ; and duringthe height of her power the conduct of her leading citizensand of the troops was uniformly patriotic and brilliant.Greek Army Leader.Ten strategoicommanded the forces,— one for each tribe (phyle), — andwere selected by lot or vote. At the expirationof a year they laid down theircommand, and rendered an account oftheir doings to the people. They wereoften reelected. Phocion served manysuccessive terms. Such men as Themistoclesand Aristides were constantly reelected.If the people were not satisfied(and the Athenians were singidarly ungratefuland unreasonable) the strategoswas mulcted in a fine ; failing paymentof which he and his children after himwere cast into and kept in prison.The proper men were often not theones who were chosen strategroi. Theever-shifting command and the natural disagreements between