Alexander : a history of the origin and growth of the art of war from ...

CHANGES IN ORGANIZATION. 453were left the Persian Proexes, as viceroy, and Neiloxenus, aCompanion, as his military associate.By the experience of his late campaigns Alexander hadlearned that the fighting he would now be called upon to dowould need much greater mobility in his troops than they hadIiitherto possessed. There was no more organized oppositionto his sway on a large scale.pitched battles to fight.There would be in the future noWhat he would now have to encounterwould be isolated bodies, such as that under Bessus, andmuch small war, demanding rapid marching and restless pursuit.He needed an army consisting of smaller units ; hemust have a greater percentage of light troops ;he must utilizeOriental recruits in filling gaps, for sheer want of Macedonianreinforcements. For these reasons he was inducedagain to make sundry changes, partly, too, for that he hadlost many of his old and trusted officers and must advancethe younger to more responsible commands. From 329 b. c.dates the promotion of young lieutenants, and from now onhis work was done with these.Each o*f the eight iles of horse Companions had beenalready divided into two companies ; and eight companieswere now made into a hipparchy. Thus he had two hipparchiesor regiments of eight companies each, instead ofone of eight iles.butAs before stated, Clitus was put in commandof one ; Hephaestion of the other. Later, again, when the armygrew much larger, the Companion cavalry appears to havebeen extended to eight hipparchies, of say eight hundredmen each. In the Indian campaign five hipparchs are named,— Hephsestion, Perdiccas, Demetrius, Clitus, Craterus andCoenus with the agema.The mercenary cavalry, which in 331 b. c. had reachedAlexander four hundred strong under Menidas, was likewiseincreased to a hipparchy by additional recruits ; it is not said