fina synchronised swimming manual for judges, coaches & referees

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2009 – 2013 FINA SYNCHRONISED SWIMMING MANUALFOR JUDGES, COACHES & REFEREESSECTION IIIJudges need to look for difficult actions, one following the other. Forexample, double leg vertical twists performed well above the knees androckets that rise to great heights, both of which may be followed bymultiple spins, followed by boosts that get the entire suit out of the water,followed by fast, complex stroking. Such actions will stress thecardiovascular system far more than longer stable actions that requirelittle strength, power or movement. Look for the other difficulty factorsrather than the length of time underwater.3. DIFFICULTY of the transitionsDifficulty in transitions is judged by the guidelines given earlier. Efficient,purposeful, and effortless action is desired. Transition difficulty for Patterns andfor Risk Movements are listed separately below.4. DIFFICULTY of the pattern formationsPatterns become more difficult by increasing the number of patterns and typesof changes made along with the changing spatial relationship of the swimmers.! Type of Pattern:Some patterns are more difficult to achieve and maintain than others.These include:- straight lines- diagonal lines- curved lines- circles.- Complexity and changing requirements of the pattern increasedifficulty- moving patterns are more difficult to maintain than stationary- pass through patterns are difficult to achieve with accuracy- closely spaced patterns are more difficult to achieve andmaintain due to the restricted freedom of the swimmers.! Number of pattern changesThe number of pattern changes made effectively increases the difficultywith more changes being more difficult. Some teams may have 5-7 ormore per length. At the 1996 Olympic Games, the average number ofpattern changes in Free Routines was 28 which equates to a changeoccurring every 10 seconds. Look for continually changing patterns thatlock into position and then move on to the next. Look for clarity of eachpattern.2009 – 2013 FINA Synchronised Swimming Manual for Judges, Coaches & Referees 162
2009 – 2013 FINA SYNCHRONISED SWIMMING MANUALFOR JUDGES, COACHES & REFEREESSECTION III! DIFFICULTY in establishing formations:Effective surface changes are usually more difficult than those executedunderwater, particularly when swimmers move in different directions. Longunderwater swims may be harder to do due to the increased timeunderwater, but they are often easier to execute due to the longer timethey allow. They are often a result of poor planning in the choreographyand should not be rewarded with difficulty points.5. DIFFICULTY in the element of riskAthletes may choose a routine composed of entirely ‘safe’ movements or theymay choose to use difficult actions in which an error of execution orsynchronisation may produce an appearance of near disaster.A ‘risky’ routine using extreme thrust height followed by multiple spins,synchronizing split rockets, boosts, lifts and coordinated platforms wouldincrease the difficulty due to the added risk of major error. Failure in a risk actioncan also be sufficiently unnerving as to affect the balance of the routine.Successful risk movements in a routine can be rewarded with an added difficultyassessment. Failure to successfully execute the risk should not be rewarded withdifficulty points for attempting it.! Actions requiring a high degree of skill or coordinationSome actions are risky in themselves, eg thrusting spins, rocket splits.Difficulty in the risk movement is increased by adding swimmers. The risklevel for the same element is higher in a Duet or Team than in a Solo. It ismore risky to have all 8 team members perform a continuous spin thanhave 4 spin while the other 4 do something else.! Acrobatics: platforms, stacks, lifts, throwsThe risk is increased by:- the number of swimmers or amount of weight lifted- the length of time the position is held- movements on top of the platform, such as leg lifts or splits,dance movements- throws from the platform, stack or lift.- maintaining the position while traveling.! Floats and joined actionsThe Risk in these movements is failure to connect, particularly if minimaltime is given for the connection.! Blind pattern changesMovements where swimmers cannot see each other are more risky,particularly those requiring back to back movements, foot first travel, orperformed in head down vertical position.2009 – 2013 FINA Synchronised Swimming Manual for Judges, Coaches & Referees 163
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