fina synchronised swimming manual for judges, coaches & referees

2009 – 2013 FINA SYNCHRONISED SWIMMING MANUALFOR JUDGES, COACHES & REFEREESINTRODUCTIONFOREWARDThe original edition of this manual was published in 1993 under the guidance ofeditor, Judith McGowan, Chairman of the Technical Synchronised SwimmingCommittee from 1984 -1992. Since 1993 it has been updated every four yearsfollowing each FINA Technical Congress.This Manual is recognized worldwide as a useful reference for judges, coaches,referees and athletes. Through it, all Synchro participants have access to the sameinformation, guidelines and interpretation of the FINA rules. In 2007, the manualbecame the main document used in the FINA Judges Training Schools.Major contributors to this and/or previous editions are Bill and Mary Black, Dawn andRoss Bean, Judy McGowan, Steffi Haeberli, Ulla Lucenius, Saeko Zushi, SandraRoberts (former editor), Dr. Margo Mountjoy, Virginia Jasontek, Carol Tackett, SueEdwards, Miwako Homma, Petra Loeck, Barbara McNamee, Diane van der Pol,Hortensia Graupera, Maria José Bilbao, Inger Lindholm, Christiane Brenner, AnaMaria Lobo, Marina Roshina, Marie Claude Besançon, Betty Hazle, Heather Archerand Jennifer Gray. We thank these contributors along with other FINA Judges andCoaches who have been involved in the on-going process of providing up to dateinformation and analysis.Production of Synchronised Swimming educational materials such as this Manualwould not be possible without the financial support of FINA, the excellent work of theFINA Office Staff and the leadership of the TSSC. Special recognition and thanks toall former and current TSSC members who provided input to this and to previouseditions.On behalf of the Synchro family around the world who will use this Manual, thank youall very much! Your contributions are greatly appreciated.Virginia JasontekStefania TudiniFINA TSSC Honorary SecretaryFINA TSSC Chairman2000 – present 2009 – 2013Manual editor – 20092009 – 2013 FINA Synchronised Swimming Manual for Judges, Coaches & Referees 6