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there – especially for products with ethical and green credentials. The difficulty lies in meeting those retailer needsand identifying the right products where developing country producers often lack the skills to deal with the highdemands of the export markets and access to capital and business expertise. These factors collectively present aformidable barrier in entry to sophisticated markets. At the other end of the supply chain, retailers often lack theability to be able to reliably source quality products that are required.Farmer societies provide a good opportunity to link up with retailers following the existing controls that ensure thatbasic requirements of markets, including social and environmental responsibility and food safety, are in place:- Legally registered farms- Traceability back to shrimp farms and hatcheries through proper record keeping and use of GIS maps.- Societies follow BMPs to control the hygiene and safety of shrimp produced.- Society produced shrimp are safe- No use of Antibiotics at any stage in society farms:Organic Cluster Certification:National Centre for sustainable Aquaculture (NaCSA) and India Organic Aquaculture Project (IOAP), MPEDA tookup Organic Fresh Water Prawn (M. rosenbergii) farming in two societies of West Godavari District of AndhraPradesh. Total of 27 farmers, from Sri Venkateswara Aqua Farmers Welfare Society, Matsyapuri and SriSainadha Aqua Farmers welfare Society, Velivela were involved in the project covering 31.15 ha. area. These twosociety farmers were already following traditional prawn farming practices without using any Chemicals andAntibiotics in their farms. These farmers were technically supported by NaCSA, which involved implementation ofBetter Management Practices through its field officials and also through trained Society Coordinator to minimizethe disease risks and improve food safety. This work was carried out for last 5 years.Once the project started supply of critical organic inputs like seed and feed is taken up by IOAP. IOAP and NaCSAteam conducted several meetings and successfully coordinated activities among all the key stake holders likehatchery, feed mill, farmer society and processing plant. Prior to the beginning of farm operations hatchery andfeed mill were certified by Naturland for implementing Organic Standards. Later two societies applied to Naturlandfor Organic Cluster Certification in the prescribed format through IOAP.Preparation of Internal Control System:Societies were managed by Managing committee and controlled by Internal control System (ICS). ICS wasdeveloped by societies to implement Organic Internal Standards prepared in consultation with farmers by theproject team consisting of IOAP and NaCSA officials along with the consultant for the project. Farmers, MPEDA,NaCSA officials and other stakeholders involved in the organic project were trained in the ICS. With the help ofknowledge acquired from training, farmer societies prepared Internal control system along with NaCSA.Implementation of Standards:Coordination meetings among the society farmers were conducted regularly to coordinate all the activities oforganic project. All decisions on the crop activity was reviewed during the meetings and it was properly recordedin society minutes book. Presidents of two societies led the Internal Control System team as ICS projectcoordinators in the respective societies and they were key contact persons in implementing the project.Cluster Certification:Societies implemented the organic standards under the supervision of MPEDA and NaCSA. Periodic meetingswere conducted to emphasize the organic farming standards to every farmer. Internal Control System was111
implemented by both societies. Internal inspections were conducted by internal inspectors involving farmer,society coordinator and NaCSA staff and external inspections was carried out by NATURLAND authorizedinspection agency, Indocert, Kerala to ensure the implementation of Organic standards. Both the societies wereCluster certified by Naturland for Organic scampi farming. This is the first of its kind in Aquaculture.Opportunity for Fair-trade CertificationCluster certificate issued in the name of the society.Of late farmers are under distress as shrimp prices at the farm gate fluctuate based on offer and demand. Underthis context those small farmers who are entirely depending on shrimp farming put their livelihood at stake everytime they stock their pond. A mechanism that would provide access to good markets and a fair price would allowsmall farmers to maintain their activity and livelihood. There is need for a Fair Trade Labeling of society produceso that society farmers can get a stable price, that covers at least production and living costs, which is an essentialrequirement for farmers to provide themselves and their families with a decent standard of living. NaCSA is alsoexploring opportunities to work with FLO-CERT, the fair trade certification body of Fair Trade.f. Increasing stakeholder interaction and involvementNaCSA is working towards developing societies as a potential business model through public-private partnershipwhere all the concerned stakeholders help the societies to sustain for mutual benefit. The goal is to making societyformation an attractive proposition which can motivate the rest of the farmers to organize themselves intosocieties. Smallholder farmers will benefit much from increased institutional coordination, capacity and support inassisting them in managing their societies. They will also benefit from more widespread application of proventechnological, social, economic and governance innovations to reverse losses and improve livelihoods.Farmers being the primary producers there is a need to link them to all other stakeholders in the industry bothbackwards and forward. Farmers are being linked to hatcheries, input suppliers, processors, scientists, ResearchInstitutes, Government Institutes, Banks and others. Bank loans for working capital, which are not available nowfor most of the small scale farmers, are likely to be made available once the societies are linked up with themarket. This initiative has helped create new policies that are more favorable to the small-scale shrimp farmer, forinstance, increased financial and related support. The Ministry of Commerce and Industry has approved a schemeon Registration of Aquaculture Societies for adoption of Code of Practices for sustainable shrimp farming, with atotal outlay of Rs. 2.50 crore (US$ 625,000) during the 10 th plan period.112
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Training of TrainersProgramme3-7 Au
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Table of Contents1. Preface 42. Sen
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knowledge about the activities carr
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iosphere, in that it is essentially
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Importance in narrowing the supply
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Figure 7: The trend in aquaculture
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aquaculture has been a success thus
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pathogen transfer is generally cons
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• It highlights the importance a
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particular animal are identified, t
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Knowledge at the bottom of the pyra
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farmer innovation process. In this
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• Rapport building• Working str
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shrimp farming is undertaken in the
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Reintjes, C and Hiemstra, W. 1989 F
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• An increase in reliable product
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Principles of AACC are to: 1) Facil
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Maintaining genetic quality of fish
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Where F is the percent increase in
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o G=(0.95) 1/10G =0.994883803Figure
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Aquaculture extension and training
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ResearchExtensionFarmersFlow of inf
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view of outside world than before a
Page 50 and 51:
Along with fish sample, the support
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Fungal examinationFungal infection
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few different pathogen strains. The
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Major finfish diseases in Asia and
Page 58 and 59:
A great number and diversity of ani
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• -oxidase test positive• -resi
Page 62 and 63: ReferencesAustin, B. and D. Austin.
Page 64 and 65: Accessing better markets-improving
Page 66 and 67: Owing to its importance in generati
Page 68 and 69: adopt standards for responsible shr
Page 70: Tokrisna R, Benheam W., 1995. Gain
Page 73 and 74: of the temperature rise that were d
Page 75 and 76: Principles of developing, validatin
Page 77 and 78: such as determinants, exposures and
Page 79 and 80: How to promote adoption of BMPs?Pro
Page 81 and 82: economic sustainability. BMPs need
Page 83 and 84: Once you understand your stakeholde
Page 85 and 86: As conventional approaches such as
Page 87 and 88: Printed publicationsPrinted publica
Page 89 and 90: Set up a blog or website for your w
Page 91 and 92: If you have a website, all you need
Page 93 and 94: ought about increased profits among
Page 95 and 96: • It is a farming system the prod
Page 97 and 98: Annex 1. The area surveyed for obta
Page 99 and 100: contribute substantially to maintai
Page 101 and 102: seawater, but in fresh water its le
Page 103 and 104: type of ingredients used, since som
Page 105 and 106: This is a new approach used to buil
Page 107 and 108: New, M.B., A. G. J. Tacon and I. Cs
Page 109 and 110: later stages it has become a much m
Page 111: c. Improved information exchange an
Page 115 and 116: With better informed farmers, the s
Page 117 and 118: According to FAO, it is estimated t
Page 119 and 120: Farmer organization as models for p
Page 121 and 122: NaCSA disseminates BMPs mainly thro
Page 123 and 124: 1. Drain the pond water completely
Page 125 and 126: Seed transportation and Stocking:
Page 127 and 128: 7. Presently 100% of the society po
Page 129 and 130: would help in sustaining shrimp sec
Page 131 and 132: Stress brought about by the capture
Page 133 and 134: Enhance women participation in aqua
Page 135 and 136: women in aquaculture and identify a
Page 137 and 138: major percentage of staff, the need
Page 139 and 140: having more self confidence through
Page 141 and 142: Overall status of men and women in
Page 143 and 144: Compliance to international standar
Page 145 and 146: (ii) to protect human or animal lif
Page 147 and 148: c) FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commi
Page 149 and 150: Annex 1: List of participantsCountr
Page 151 and 152: Annex 2: AgendaDate Time Presentati
Page 153: Annex 3: List of resource persons1.
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