Training of Trainers - Library - Network of Aquaculture Centres in ...

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farmer innovation process. In this talk, the focus would be on how to mobilize the farmers and get them engagedin research with some examples that clearly demonstrate the past proven track record of farmers in innovations.Promoting farmer participatory research and participatory technology developmentTo promote farmer participatory research or participatory technology development, there has to be major changein the organizational culture to facilitate the process. These include(a) Flexibility in the implementation plans so that necessary changes could be brought according to the fieldnecessities.(b) Decentralized decision-making process in order to ensure that field staff does not have to wait for thedecision always from the top.(c) Regular evaluation of the activities in order to make necessary changes(d) Regular evaluation of field staff to assess their plans, commitments and goals(e) Log term strategies to involve staff and build their capacity(f) Searching development of new technical options or opportunities.(g) Efficient development of the system for collection of information, analysis and storage.(h) Sufficient allocation of finance and human resources for intervention.As could be visualized for the list of above requirements, unless there is change in the way of thinking processand promotion of grass root people involvement in the innovation process, it would not be possible to promotefarmer participatory research.NetworkingIn order to have effective exchange of information and facilitate the process of sharing of information, it is veryimportant that there is effective networking by the facilitator. Such networking with research, development andfarmer organizations helps not only to avoid duplication of efforts, but probably distribution of efforts and sharing ofknowledge to improve the efficiency of operation. Hence, networking with all such intuitions would bring greaterbenefits. Here are some examples for such useful institutions.• Research organizations• Development institutions• Farmer organizations• Other relevant institutionsRole of field staffThe field staff needs to have clear understanding about their role to prevent themselves carrying out the work ordominating the process.As a facilitator: In developing participatory action learning sessionAs a net worker: Assist in developing link with fry traders / hatchery ownersAs a teacher / trainer: Assist people whenever they need clarification or support in better understanding thesituation.25
As a co researcher: In helping to set up the trialAs an advisor or consultant to help the farmer in the investigation processCommunication and understanding perception capability of the staffThis particular attribute will have greater influence on the project outcome. It is suggested that thereshould be• Two way communication /discussion with participants• Listening carefully, objectively and neutrally• Understand the underlying cause, research• Observe and understand the extent /context and analyseField staff has to consider the following facts of rural life• Farmer’s livelihood complexity• Traditional, indigenous knowledge prevailing• Farmers own criteria / indicators in judging and assessing the situation• Conflicting interest of different stakeholders / resource users• Cultural issues, factors and valuesDifferent types /levels of farmer participatory researchThe technology development could be at different scales• Contractual – renting land for conducting trial• Consultative – identify the problem with discussion with the farmer and then design and implement thetrial by the researcher on the station.• Collegiate – identify, design, implement monitor and evaluate jointly• Associates – After phasing out when a group of farmers carrying out PTD process, capable enough toconduct trials systematically and exchange findings with researchersPreparation for intervention in the fieldBefore making the intervention, it is important that proper steps are taken in choosing the area and buildingnecessary rapport with people. Following steps would help in making effective intervention.• Area selection• Secondary data collection• Inventory of other organizations / projects working in the area• Orient the community about the project26
Page 1 and 2: Training of TrainersProgramme3-7 Au
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents1. Preface 42. Sen
Page 5 and 6: knowledge about the activities carr
Page 7 and 8: iosphere, in that it is essentially
Page 10 and 11: Importance in narrowing the supply
Page 12 and 13: Figure 7: The trend in aquaculture
Page 14: aquaculture has been a success thus
Page 17 and 18: pathogen transfer is generally cons
Page 19 and 20: • It highlights the importance a
Page 21 and 22: particular animal are identified, t
Page 23: Knowledge at the bottom of the pyra
Page 28 and 29: • Rapport building• Working str
Page 30 and 31: shrimp farming is undertaken in the
Page 32 and 33: Reintjes, C and Hiemstra, W. 1989 F
Page 34 and 35: • An increase in reliable product
Page 36 and 37: Principles of AACC are to: 1) Facil
Page 38 and 39: Maintaining genetic quality of fish
Page 40 and 41: Where F is the percent increase in
Page 42 and 43: o G=(0.95) 1/10G =0.994883803Figure
Page 44 and 45: Aquaculture extension and training
Page 46 and 47: ResearchExtensionFarmersFlow of inf
Page 48 and 49: view of outside world than before a
Page 50 and 51: Along with fish sample, the support
Page 52 and 53: Fungal examinationFungal infection
Page 54 and 55: few different pathogen strains. The
Page 56 and 57: Major finfish diseases in Asia and
Page 58 and 59: A great number and diversity of ani
Page 60 and 61: • -oxidase test positive• -resi
Page 62 and 63: ReferencesAustin, B. and D. Austin.
Page 64 and 65: Accessing better markets-improving
Page 66 and 67: Owing to its importance in generati
Page 68 and 69: adopt standards for responsible shr
Page 70: Tokrisna R, Benheam W., 1995. Gain
Page 73 and 74: of the temperature rise that were d
Page 75 and 76: Principles of developing, validatin
Page 77 and 78:
such as determinants, exposures and
Page 79 and 80:
How to promote adoption of BMPs?Pro
Page 81 and 82:
economic sustainability. BMPs need
Page 83 and 84:
Once you understand your stakeholde
Page 85 and 86:
As conventional approaches such as
Page 87 and 88:
Printed publicationsPrinted publica
Page 89 and 90:
Set up a blog or website for your w
Page 91 and 92:
If you have a website, all you need
Page 93 and 94:
ought about increased profits among
Page 95 and 96:
• It is a farming system the prod
Page 97 and 98:
Annex 1. The area surveyed for obta
Page 99 and 100:
contribute substantially to maintai
Page 101 and 102:
seawater, but in fresh water its le
Page 103 and 104:
type of ingredients used, since som
Page 105 and 106:
This is a new approach used to buil
Page 107 and 108:
New, M.B., A. G. J. Tacon and I. Cs
Page 109 and 110:
later stages it has become a much m
Page 111 and 112:
c. Improved information exchange an
Page 113 and 114:
implemented by both societies. Inte
Page 115 and 116:
With better informed farmers, the s
Page 117 and 118:
According to FAO, it is estimated t
Page 119 and 120:
Farmer organization as models for p
Page 121 and 122:
NaCSA disseminates BMPs mainly thro
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1. Drain the pond water completely
Page 125 and 126:
Seed transportation and Stocking:
Page 127 and 128:
7. Presently 100% of the society po
Page 129 and 130:
would help in sustaining shrimp sec
Page 131 and 132:
Stress brought about by the capture
Page 133 and 134:
Enhance women participation in aqua
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women in aquaculture and identify a
Page 137 and 138:
major percentage of staff, the need
Page 139 and 140:
having more self confidence through
Page 141 and 142:
Overall status of men and women in
Page 143 and 144:
Compliance to international standar
Page 145 and 146:
(ii) to protect human or animal lif
Page 147 and 148:
c) FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commi
Page 149 and 150:
Annex 1: List of participantsCountr
Page 151 and 152:
Annex 2: AgendaDate Time Presentati
Page 153:
Annex 3: List of resource persons1.
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