Training of Trainers - Library - Network of Aquaculture Centres in ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

• Sludge removal and disposal away from pond site• Pond drying• Ploughing on wet soil if the sludge has not been removed completely• Water filtration using twin bag filters of 60 mesh size• Water depth of at least 80 cm at shallowest part of pond• Water conditioning for 10−15 days before stocking.• Maintaining good plankton bloom before stockingBMPs for seed selection and stocking activities• All Society farmers stock only hatchery produced seed• All farmers agree to buy “Contract Hatchery” seed• All farmers in society stocking seeds at same time within a week period• All farmers agree to stock within the max density fixed for the society.• Brood stock must be screened after spawning for WSSV by PCR test. Nested PCR negative PLs forWhite Spot Virus• Select active and strong shrimp seed• Seeds must be tested for banned antibiotic residues• Seed transportation within 6 hrs• Stocking into green water and avoiding transparent water during stocking.BMPs for post-stocking and grow-out activities• No use of any harmful or banned chemicals such as pesticides and antibiotics• Use of feed check trays to ensure feeding based on shrimp demand• Feeding across the pond using boat/floating device to avoid local waste accumulation• Water exchanges only during critical periods• Weekly checking of pond bottom mud for blackish organic waste accumulation and bad smell• Regular shrimp health checks and weekly health and growth monitoring using a cast net• Removal and safe disposal of sick or dead shrimp• Inform all society and neighbouring farmers if there is any disease outbreak• Agree practices to be followed during disease outbreak in society or in surrounding ponds• Emergency harvesting after proper decision making• No draining or abandoning of disease affected stocks• Pond daily management record maintenance.• Better harvest and post harvest practices which involves completion of harvest by early morning and chillkilling of harvested shrimp.• Quick transportation of harvested shrimp to processing plant• Selling of all society shrimp to one local processor with whom society has agreementThe practices under each BMP are as follows:Good pond/water preparation-Before a pond can be stocked for a new crop, the excessive wastes accumulated in the pond during the previouscrop must be removed and the soil and water conditioned. Stocking of shrimp in a poorly prepared pond may leadto several problems including disease, poor growth and bad water quality. Good pond preparation is key toreducing disease risks and improving shrimp production.a. Pond preparation:121
1. Drain the pond water completely to dry2. Use the pump to remove any water logged inside the pond3. Remove the organic waste from pond bottom It results from decay of excessive feed, dead and decayingplankton/algae and faecal matter of shrimp.• It is in the form of layer on the soil with black color and bad smell.• Completely remove it especially from the feeding areas, corners of the pond and from trenches inextensive system ponds.• It is easy to remove it when the soil is semi dried (slightly wet).• Displace it in the ditch created on the top of embankment and cover it with good soil or deposit faraway from the farm site.• The pond is allowed to dry in hot sun for 15 to 20 days till the soil cracks• Be careful if using mechanical means to remove the sludge. This may expose acid sulphate soils.Request technical assistance, and test the soil.• If it is difficult to completely remove the black soil (tilling), turn the soil when it is wet and let it dry.b. Water Preparation.• After liming depending on soil pH, the pond should be filled to the maximum depth through a screen withfine mesh (300 micron) to prevent the predators and competitors from entering the pond.• Plankton bloom is essential to successful shrimp culture. Ten days before stocking, if the color of the pondwater is clear, the pond must be fertilized with organic fertilizer to stimulate the plankton bloom.• Make sure pond is filled with minimum 80 cm water prior to stocking seed• When the color of the water is green the pond is ready for stockingGood quality seed selection:Stocking high quality and healthy seed is fundamental to success of a crop in shrimp farming. Small-scale farmersfind it a daunting task to procure good quality seed. To select small quantity of clean seeds for their individualrequirement, farmers visit several hatcheries, spend considerable cash on testing the seed batches and still areuncertain of the seed quality they finally get. This process of seed selection is time consuming, expensive and stillhas the risk of farmers not being able to get quality seeds at the right time. To proactively address this seriousproblem, NaCSA is following the “Contract hatchery seed production system” to meet the seed requirements offarmer societies and to avoid the difficulties in procurement of good quality seeds.What is contract hatchery system?Under this system, Society farmers place bulk orders to a Government registered hatchery, 45 days in advance ofthe planned stocking date, for production of required quantity and quality of seeds. Through a consultativeprocess, initially facilitated by the NaCSA team, mutual agreement is formed between selected hatcheries andSociety farmers. These agreements include agreements on better management practices to be used in hatcheriesand other terms and conditions for production and procurement of quality seed.How it was done in Societies?Farmer leaders of Societies visit 4-5 registered hatcheries about 45 days before the stocking date. They observethe hatchery facilities and discuss the quality requirements and production procedures with the hatchery ownersand technicians. Once the farmers have reviewed hatchery facilities, production processes, qualification andexperience of technicians they enter into an agreement with the hatchery owner on the terms and conditions andfarmers place the order for supply of seed in bulk quantities. In addition, they may also offer an additional premium122
Page 1 and 2:
Training of TrainersProgramme3-7 Au
Page 3 and 4:
Table of Contents1. Preface 42. Sen
Page 5 and 6:
knowledge about the activities carr
Page 7 and 8:
iosphere, in that it is essentially
Page 10 and 11:
Importance in narrowing the supply
Page 12 and 13:
Figure 7: The trend in aquaculture
Page 14:
aquaculture has been a success thus
Page 17 and 18:
pathogen transfer is generally cons
Page 19 and 20:
• It highlights the importance a
Page 21 and 22:
particular animal are identified, t
Page 23:
Knowledge at the bottom of the pyra
Page 26 and 27:
farmer innovation process. In this
Page 28 and 29:
• Rapport building• Working str
Page 30 and 31:
shrimp farming is undertaken in the
Page 32 and 33:
Reintjes, C and Hiemstra, W. 1989 F
Page 34 and 35:
• An increase in reliable product
Page 36 and 37:
Principles of AACC are to: 1) Facil
Page 38 and 39:
Maintaining genetic quality of fish
Page 40 and 41:
Where F is the percent increase in
Page 42 and 43:
o G=(0.95) 1/10G =0.994883803Figure
Page 44 and 45:
Aquaculture extension and training
Page 46 and 47:
ResearchExtensionFarmersFlow of inf
Page 48 and 49:
view of outside world than before a
Page 50 and 51:
Along with fish sample, the support
Page 52 and 53:
Fungal examinationFungal infection
Page 54 and 55:
few different pathogen strains. The
Page 56 and 57:
Major finfish diseases in Asia and
Page 58 and 59:
A great number and diversity of ani
Page 60 and 61:
• -oxidase test positive• -resi
Page 62 and 63:
ReferencesAustin, B. and D. Austin.
Page 64 and 65:
Accessing better markets-improving
Page 66 and 67:
Owing to its importance in generati
Page 68 and 69:
adopt standards for responsible shr
Page 70:
Tokrisna R, Benheam W., 1995. Gain
Page 73 and 74: of the temperature rise that were d
Page 75 and 76: Principles of developing, validatin
Page 77 and 78: such as determinants, exposures and
Page 79 and 80: How to promote adoption of BMPs?Pro
Page 81 and 82: economic sustainability. BMPs need
Page 83 and 84: Once you understand your stakeholde
Page 85 and 86: As conventional approaches such as
Page 87 and 88: Printed publicationsPrinted publica
Page 89 and 90: Set up a blog or website for your w
Page 91 and 92: If you have a website, all you need
Page 93 and 94: ought about increased profits among
Page 95 and 96: • It is a farming system the prod
Page 97 and 98: Annex 1. The area surveyed for obta
Page 99 and 100: contribute substantially to maintai
Page 101 and 102: seawater, but in fresh water its le
Page 103 and 104: type of ingredients used, since som
Page 105 and 106: This is a new approach used to buil
Page 107 and 108: New, M.B., A. G. J. Tacon and I. Cs
Page 109 and 110: later stages it has become a much m
Page 111 and 112: c. Improved information exchange an
Page 113 and 114: implemented by both societies. Inte
Page 115 and 116: With better informed farmers, the s
Page 117 and 118: According to FAO, it is estimated t
Page 119 and 120: Farmer organization as models for p
Page 121: NaCSA disseminates BMPs mainly thro
Page 125 and 126: Seed transportation and Stocking:
Page 127 and 128: 7. Presently 100% of the society po
Page 129 and 130: would help in sustaining shrimp sec
Page 131 and 132: Stress brought about by the capture
Page 133 and 134: Enhance women participation in aqua
Page 135 and 136: women in aquaculture and identify a
Page 137 and 138: major percentage of staff, the need
Page 139 and 140: having more self confidence through
Page 141 and 142: Overall status of men and women in
Page 143 and 144: Compliance to international standar
Page 145 and 146: (ii) to protect human or animal lif
Page 147 and 148: c) FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commi
Page 149 and 150: Annex 1: List of participantsCountr
Page 151 and 152: Annex 2: AgendaDate Time Presentati
Page 153: Annex 3: List of resource persons1.
show all

Training of Trainers - Library - Network of Aquaculture Centres in ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?