Training of Trainers - Library - Network of Aquaculture Centres in ...

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• Rapport building• Working strategy procedure through discussion and common understanding and consensus of the targetpeople.Understanding the local agricultural problems opportunities• Using PRA tools like through focus group discussion reflect on local agricultural patterns and constraintsexperienced.• Assist farmers to analyse their problems and causes by using PRA tools• Analyse the extent of problems in terms of agro-ecological and socio-economic context• Generate list of potential resources, opportunities, and ideasIdentify research and development issuesPrioritize the identified problems – collect information on the identified problems.• Identify the possible solutions / options against the prioritized problems• Possible solution options may generate from – local knowledge; expert farmer; outside the locality• Analyse the possible solutions /options in the local context• Develop understanding on testing the potential solution /option• Hypothesize the development with farmersExperimentationFollowing the steps indicated below in setting up the experiment would avoid potential problems.• Review the farmers existing experimentation practices• Based on that design the experiment• Define the experiment evaluation indicators and develop monitoring and evaluation tools• Train farmer researcher• Establish and manage experiment with farmers• Assist farmers to monitor the experiment• Assist farmers in evaluating the experimental results• Review the experiment results, experience and develop the next action plan based on the experienceLimitations of farmer’s experimentationThere are several limitations in farmer participatory research. These limitations should be kept in mind whiledesigning and implementing farmer participatory research• Undirected experimentation27
• Lack of analytical approach• Poor experimental design (e.g. replicates, controls, etc)Result sharing: Farmer to farmer extensionStudy the existing farmer-to-farmer information sharing practices and strengthen the exiting systems• Through arranging cross visits• Through arranging learning by doing on farmers farm• Through development of audio-visual training aids for farmers by the farmers• Development of farmer extensions /promoter at grass root level through training / guidanceSustaining the process• Inspire farmers to form formal groups and link them to central farmer organizations• Train in-group management and group development• Link the framer groups to extension services• Advocate at national level for policy support to PTD process. Provide institutional support• Document the process, experimentation methods, and extension systems• Assess the impact of technology and the process on the livelihood of peopleFarmer innovationsTo enable us to understand the innovative potential of farmers, let us examine some of the inventions made by thefarmers with the commodities that are covered under the ASEAN project.Problems of farmer participatory researchThere are several constraints in implementing farmer participatory research• It takes a longer time to establish contacts, build relationship and win the confidence of farmers.• Farmers may be motivated to undertake research in anticipation of benefits• Farmers always anticipate quick results and prefer short cuts• Literacy level being low in many instances, record keeping is a major challengeIt is important to note that farmer participatory is not the solution for all problems and essential precaution must betaken to advocate farmer participatory research as a solution to various problems (Bentley, 1994)Innovations in tiger shrimp:The farmers in Kerala, India, developed shrimp farming along with other finfishes in the brackish water areas ofthis state. During the monsoon, a salt tolerant paddy, known as Pokkali is grown. After the harvest of paddy,28
Page 1 and 2: Training of TrainersProgramme3-7 Au
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents1. Preface 42. Sen
Page 5 and 6: knowledge about the activities carr
Page 7 and 8: iosphere, in that it is essentially
Page 10 and 11: Importance in narrowing the supply
Page 12 and 13: Figure 7: The trend in aquaculture
Page 14: aquaculture has been a success thus
Page 17 and 18: pathogen transfer is generally cons
Page 19 and 20: • It highlights the importance a
Page 21 and 22: particular animal are identified, t
Page 23: Knowledge at the bottom of the pyra
Page 26 and 27: farmer innovation process. In this
Page 30 and 31: shrimp farming is undertaken in the
Page 32 and 33: Reintjes, C and Hiemstra, W. 1989 F
Page 34 and 35: • An increase in reliable product
Page 36 and 37: Principles of AACC are to: 1) Facil
Page 38 and 39: Maintaining genetic quality of fish
Page 40 and 41: Where F is the percent increase in
Page 42 and 43: o G=(0.95) 1/10G =0.994883803Figure
Page 44 and 45: Aquaculture extension and training
Page 46 and 47: ResearchExtensionFarmersFlow of inf
Page 48 and 49: view of outside world than before a
Page 50 and 51: Along with fish sample, the support
Page 52 and 53: Fungal examinationFungal infection
Page 54 and 55: few different pathogen strains. The
Page 56 and 57: Major finfish diseases in Asia and
Page 58 and 59: A great number and diversity of ani
Page 60 and 61: • -oxidase test positive• -resi
Page 62 and 63: ReferencesAustin, B. and D. Austin.
Page 64 and 65: Accessing better markets-improving
Page 66 and 67: Owing to its importance in generati
Page 68 and 69: adopt standards for responsible shr
Page 70: Tokrisna R, Benheam W., 1995. Gain
Page 73 and 74: of the temperature rise that were d
Page 75 and 76: Principles of developing, validatin
Page 77 and 78: such as determinants, exposures and
Page 79 and 80:
How to promote adoption of BMPs?Pro
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economic sustainability. BMPs need
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Once you understand your stakeholde
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As conventional approaches such as
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Printed publicationsPrinted publica
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Set up a blog or website for your w
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If you have a website, all you need
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ought about increased profits among
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• It is a farming system the prod
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Annex 1. The area surveyed for obta
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contribute substantially to maintai
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seawater, but in fresh water its le
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type of ingredients used, since som
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This is a new approach used to buil
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New, M.B., A. G. J. Tacon and I. Cs
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later stages it has become a much m
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c. Improved information exchange an
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implemented by both societies. Inte
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With better informed farmers, the s
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According to FAO, it is estimated t
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Farmer organization as models for p
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NaCSA disseminates BMPs mainly thro
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1. Drain the pond water completely
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Seed transportation and Stocking:
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7. Presently 100% of the society po
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would help in sustaining shrimp sec
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Stress brought about by the capture
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Enhance women participation in aqua
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women in aquaculture and identify a
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major percentage of staff, the need
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having more self confidence through
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Overall status of men and women in
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Compliance to international standar
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(ii) to protect human or animal lif
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c) FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commi
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Annex 1: List of participantsCountr
Page 151 and 152:
Annex 2: AgendaDate Time Presentati
Page 153:
Annex 3: List of resource persons1.
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