E-mail is probably the simplest, most ubiquitous and widely understood Internet technology. Email newsletters canprovide a personal and highly effective way to <strong>in</strong>form relevant stakeholder groups <strong>of</strong> new <strong>in</strong>formation published onyour website or l<strong>in</strong>ks to relevant web pages, publications and other <strong>in</strong>formation resources. It is a good idea topublish a l<strong>in</strong>k or sign-up form for the newsletter on your website, so that you can encourage people to sign up to it.Recommended service:•Your Mail<strong>in</strong>g List Provider: http://www.yourmail<strong>in</strong>glistprovider.com/. Includes tools to import/manage contactlists and to generate attractive html email newsletters.Mobile phones, location-based services and SMS gatewaysMobile phones cont<strong>in</strong>ue to develop rapidly and are a driv<strong>in</strong>g force <strong>in</strong> mobile comput<strong>in</strong>g. Nearly all modern phonesship with a built-<strong>in</strong> data modem that can be used to access the <strong>in</strong>ternet, either directly through the phone orthrough a computer l<strong>in</strong>ked to the phone via Bluetooth, <strong>in</strong>frared or cable. 3G mobile phone services <strong>of</strong>ferbroadband <strong>in</strong>ternet access speeds. This is expand<strong>in</strong>g the reach <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>ternet services <strong>in</strong>to areas where cable andADSL are not available. With larger screens and smarter <strong>in</strong>terfaces, mobile phones are becom<strong>in</strong>g a viablealternative to us<strong>in</strong>g a computer to browse the web and access email etc.Web-to-phone and email-to-phone SMS gateways services are available for a few cents per message. Thesebasically allow you to send an SMS message to one or many mobile phones at the same time. These can be usedto provide convey short pieces <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation or announcements to mobile-own<strong>in</strong>g stakeholder groups. Clickatell isa reliable provider (http://www.clickatell.com). The Twitter social network<strong>in</strong>g service (http://www.twitter.com) alsoallows you to post short messages directly onto a personal webpage by send<strong>in</strong>g SMS from your phone, and alsoto receive messages posted by others that you have chosen to ‘follow’.An emerg<strong>in</strong>g trend is the development <strong>of</strong> location-based services for mobile phones. The approximate location <strong>of</strong>each phone is known to the carrier and more accurate GPS services are likely to become standard features <strong>in</strong> thenear future. This has lead to the development <strong>of</strong> services where contextual <strong>in</strong>formation (eg. weather reports)relevant to the owner’s location are provided.Shar<strong>in</strong>g videos and photos through Youtube and FlickrYoutube and Flickr <strong>of</strong>fer excellent free video and photo host<strong>in</strong>g services that you can use to upload and presentmaterial on the <strong>in</strong>ternet, to a wide audience. These services also deal with many technical issues such asencod<strong>in</strong>g, compression and resiz<strong>in</strong>g automatically, ie. your materials will be optimised for presentation over theweb. Both services provide HTML code you can use to display your video and photos on other websites (such asyour blog) via l<strong>in</strong>k. If you have access to a digital camera or video camera you can experiment with produc<strong>in</strong>gshort documentaries or clips on better management practices.• Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/• Flickr: http://www.flickr.com/Broadcast audio record<strong>in</strong>gs: Podcast<strong>in</strong>gPodcast<strong>in</strong>g is simply publish<strong>in</strong>g an audio record<strong>in</strong>g on the web for people to download and listen to on theircomputer or MP3 player (some <strong>of</strong> the first podcasts were prepared on iPods, hence the name). It is an<strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>gly popular format and widely used to publish talk shows, lectures and presentations.89
If you have a website, all you need to make a podcast is a cheap microphone and some audio record<strong>in</strong>g s<strong>of</strong>twareand some <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g discussion to record – <strong>in</strong>terviews with progressive farmers, expert panel discussions,workshop presentations, even your own ‘radio play’ or documentary. Recommended resources are:• How to podcast (tutorial website): http://www.how-to-podcast-tutorial.com/00-podcast-tutorial-fourps.htm• Audacity (free audio record<strong>in</strong>g/edit<strong>in</strong>g s<strong>of</strong>tware): http://audacity.sourceforge.net/Social network<strong>in</strong>gSocial network<strong>in</strong>g websites take the web publish<strong>in</strong>g concept one step further by allow<strong>in</strong>g members <strong>of</strong> the public toparticipate as well. Instead <strong>of</strong> merely present<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>formation to people, community websites allow their membersto communicate and exchange <strong>in</strong>formation among themselves. The most common form <strong>of</strong> community website is a“discussion forum”.Onl<strong>in</strong>e communities are a unique tool <strong>in</strong> that they allow an <strong>in</strong>dividual to access the collective knowledge <strong>of</strong> a largegroup <strong>of</strong> people that may be scattered all over the world. They provide a “virtual venue” where people with similar<strong>in</strong>terests can “meet” each other, share experiences and solve common problems. One <strong>of</strong> the most powerfulapplications <strong>of</strong> onl<strong>in</strong>e communities is a “self-help” group. In a highly decentralised environment, empower<strong>in</strong>gstakeholders to help each other through a community website may be more practical than try<strong>in</strong>g to provide directassistance to them on an <strong>in</strong>dividual basis.As with other Internet technologies, onl<strong>in</strong>e communities are only useful to a subset <strong>of</strong> most stakeholder groups.They must reach a critical mass <strong>of</strong> participants <strong>in</strong> order to become effective tools for technical exchange. Onceactivity reaches a certa<strong>in</strong> level, the feedback and mutual <strong>in</strong>teraction among members becomes largely selfsusta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g.Achiev<strong>in</strong>g the critical mass <strong>of</strong> members needed to <strong>in</strong>itiate an ongo<strong>in</strong>g “conversation” can be difficult.The most important aspect is to identify an area <strong>of</strong> common <strong>in</strong>terest to target stakeholders that will b<strong>in</strong>d themtogether as a social group.Recently ‘social network<strong>in</strong>g’ sites such as Facebook have become the dom<strong>in</strong>ant force <strong>in</strong> onl<strong>in</strong>e communities dueto their <strong>in</strong>clusion <strong>of</strong> powerful <strong>in</strong>tegrated tools for network<strong>in</strong>g and connect<strong>in</strong>g people and locat<strong>in</strong>g mutualacqua<strong>in</strong>tances. They also tend to be easier to use and understand (and more <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g) than the traditionaldiscussion forums, and are by far the best way to start an onl<strong>in</strong>e community. Start<strong>in</strong>g a Facebook page, or even aTwitter page, for you or your organisation can be a very convenient way to <strong>in</strong>teract and stay <strong>in</strong> touch with onl<strong>in</strong>estakeholders.• Facebook: http://www.facebook.com• Twitter: http://www.twitter.comFurther read<strong>in</strong>gLev<strong>in</strong>e, R., Locke, C., Searls, D., We<strong>in</strong>berger, D. (1999). The Cluetra<strong>in</strong> Manifesto: The end <strong>of</strong> bus<strong>in</strong>ess as usual.Perseus Books. Available onl<strong>in</strong>e from: http://www.cluetra<strong>in</strong>.com/.Wilk<strong>in</strong>son, S., Coll<strong>in</strong>s, J. (2007). Guidel<strong>in</strong>es on digital publish<strong>in</strong>g: A practical approach for small organizations withlimited resources. FAO/FishCode Review No. 20, FAO, Rome. 68pp.Wikipedia. Web 2.0. Available onl<strong>in</strong>e from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0.90
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Training of TrainersProgramme3-7 Au
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Table of Contents1. Preface 42. Sen
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knowledge about the activities carr
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iosphere, in that it is essentially
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Importance in narrowing the supply
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Figure 7: The trend in aquaculture
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aquaculture has been a success thus
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pathogen transfer is generally cons
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• It highlights the importance a
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particular animal are identified, t
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Knowledge at the bottom of the pyra
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farmer innovation process. In this
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• Rapport building• Working str
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shrimp farming is undertaken in the
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Reintjes, C and Hiemstra, W. 1989 F
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• An increase in reliable product
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Principles of AACC are to: 1) Facil
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Maintaining genetic quality of fish
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Overall status of men and women in
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Compliance to international standar
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(ii) to protect human or animal lif
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c) FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commi
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Annex 1: List of participantsCountr
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Annex 2: AgendaDate Time Presentati
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Annex 3: List of resource persons1.