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Better Management Practices (BMP):Management practices aimed at improving the quantity, safety and quality of products taking into considerationanimal health and welfare, food safety, environmental and socio-economical sustainability. BMP’s aremanagement practices, and implementation is generally voluntary; they are not a standard for certification. Theterm “better” is preferred rather than “best” because aquaculture practices are dynamic and continuouslyimproving. The core technology around which the BMPs were developed was shrimp health management. Thespecific ones included preventive measures without resorting to use of chemicals, maintenance of the quality ofwater and substrate, and proper nutrition and feeding. The broad practices included reducing or coping with therisks of pathogens being introduced into the farms with such practices as synchronized water intake anddischarge, simultaneous cropping, putting up and observing early warning signs of disease onset, learning fromeach other, assuring product quality and safety and, overall, acting collectively in their own interest.Key BMPs developed and implemented through participatory approach are:Good pond/water preparation- All the society farmers plan to prepare pond as per crop planningschedule. Wherever possible the machineries like tractors and earth moving equipments are hiredon contract basis for the whole society thus reducing cost and making it possible for all farmers toprepare the ponds in time for the crop.Good quality seed selection- Society farmers purchase through contract hatchery seedprocurement system where all the group farmers purchase quality seed for whole group.Feed management- All society farmers use good quality commercially produced feed. FCR ismonitored through record keeping all ponds of the society.Water quality management- Each society sets up basic water quality analysis lab at farm site tomonitor parameters like dissolved oxygen, pH and Alkalinity.Pond bottom monitoring- During weekly meetings the condition of all society ponds are discussedand where necessary farmers are asked to take actions to improve pond bottom condition.Health monitoring/Biosecurity- No draining or abandoning of disease affected stocks. Farmergroups are encouraged to discuss common actions that can be taken during disease outbreaks toavoid spreading of disease from one farm to another.Food safety- All society farmers agree not to use any harmful/banned chemicals like pesticides andantibiotics.Record maintenance/Traceability- All farmers in the society agree to maintain pond managementrecord book which are provided by NaCSA.Better Harvest and post-harvest Practices- Through linking of societies to local processors stepslike quick harvesting during early morning hours, chill killing of harvested shrimp and quicktransport to processing plant can be implemented.Environmental awareness- Improved environmental awareness about mangroves, pollution andwaste management among society farmers. Steps initiated against polluting industries along thecommon creeks through collective efforts of farmers.Dissemination of BMPs:119
NaCSA disseminates BMPs mainly through farmer groups/societies. The key dissemination activities of NaCSAincludes,• Daily field visit by the NaCSA- To facilitate farmer involvement, ensure commitment and instilconfidence, the NaCSA field staff visit societies on daily basis.• Farmer meetings- The BMP dissemination was principally through farmers meetings and societycoordinators. During 2009, 1085 village meetings have been organized to educate farmers in BMPs andto create awareness about benefit of organization. Local language power point presentations on BMPswere presented during the meetings.• Farmers field days: Farmers field days are organized during successful harvest to disseminate thesuccess of more farmers in the region.• Farmers as trainers- Key farmers from successful societies were invited to new villages to share theirexperiences. Where ever possible field visits were arranged for farmers to other villages for first handinformation exchange among the farmers.• Extension material– To enhance BMP uptake and promote adoption in different coastal states of India,BMP brochures on 10 key thematic areas were developed in English and translated to all the 5 statelanguages.Implementation of BMPs through group approachKey aspects for successful implementation of BMPs are,• Organize farmer group consisting of about 20 to 50 farmers.• All society farms should be registered with competent authority• Plan crop activities well in advance of the cropping season using society.• Plan the crop within the financial capacity and farm management skills of individual farmers and considerlocal environment capacity such as water quality and water availability.• Follow crop calendar system for shrimp farming.• Implement BMPs in a disciplined and cooperative manner.• Adopt better management practices (BMP) for shrimp farming• Farmer society should meet at least once a week at a fixed time in a fixed place to discuss the cropactivities, problems and solutions.• Improve the sale price of the crop by improving food safety and quality.• Establish better market access by collaborating with a reliable and good local processor and buyerabroad.BMPs are implemented through participatory approach starting with preparation of crop calendar two monthsbefore the crop starts where farmers discuss and plan their crop activities for the whole group. The process startswith conducting society farmer meeting where BMPs and improvements in crop that can be achieved areexplained to society farmers and consensus is built among farmers on adoption of important BMPs.An example of key BMPs agreed by the farmers for implementation in societies is provided below.BMPs for pond preparation120
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Training of TrainersProgramme3-7 Au
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Table of Contents1. Preface 42. Sen
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knowledge about the activities carr
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iosphere, in that it is essentially
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Importance in narrowing the supply
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Figure 7: The trend in aquaculture
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aquaculture has been a success thus
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pathogen transfer is generally cons
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• It highlights the importance a
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particular animal are identified, t
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Knowledge at the bottom of the pyra
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farmer innovation process. In this
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• Rapport building• Working str
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shrimp farming is undertaken in the
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Reintjes, C and Hiemstra, W. 1989 F
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• An increase in reliable product
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Principles of AACC are to: 1) Facil
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Maintaining genetic quality of fish
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Where F is the percent increase in
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o G=(0.95) 1/10G =0.994883803Figure
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Aquaculture extension and training
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ResearchExtensionFarmersFlow of inf
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view of outside world than before a
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Along with fish sample, the support
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Fungal examinationFungal infection
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few different pathogen strains. The
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Major finfish diseases in Asia and
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A great number and diversity of ani
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• -oxidase test positive• -resi
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ReferencesAustin, B. and D. Austin.
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Accessing better markets-improving
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Owing to its importance in generati
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adopt standards for responsible shr
Page 70: Tokrisna R, Benheam W., 1995. Gain
Page 73 and 74: of the temperature rise that were d
Page 75 and 76: Principles of developing, validatin
Page 77 and 78: such as determinants, exposures and
Page 79 and 80: How to promote adoption of BMPs?Pro
Page 81 and 82: economic sustainability. BMPs need
Page 83 and 84: Once you understand your stakeholde
Page 85 and 86: As conventional approaches such as
Page 87 and 88: Printed publicationsPrinted publica
Page 89 and 90: Set up a blog or website for your w
Page 91 and 92: If you have a website, all you need
Page 93 and 94: ought about increased profits among
Page 95 and 96: • It is a farming system the prod
Page 97 and 98: Annex 1. The area surveyed for obta
Page 99 and 100: contribute substantially to maintai
Page 101 and 102: seawater, but in fresh water its le
Page 103 and 104: type of ingredients used, since som
Page 105 and 106: This is a new approach used to buil
Page 107 and 108: New, M.B., A. G. J. Tacon and I. Cs
Page 109 and 110: later stages it has become a much m
Page 111 and 112: c. Improved information exchange an
Page 113 and 114: implemented by both societies. Inte
Page 115 and 116: With better informed farmers, the s
Page 117 and 118: According to FAO, it is estimated t
Page 119: Farmer organization as models for p
Page 123 and 124: 1. Drain the pond water completely
Page 125 and 126: Seed transportation and Stocking:
Page 127 and 128: 7. Presently 100% of the society po
Page 129 and 130: would help in sustaining shrimp sec
Page 131 and 132: Stress brought about by the capture
Page 133 and 134: Enhance women participation in aqua
Page 135 and 136: women in aquaculture and identify a
Page 137 and 138: major percentage of staff, the need
Page 139 and 140: having more self confidence through
Page 141 and 142: Overall status of men and women in
Page 143 and 144: Compliance to international standar
Page 145 and 146: (ii) to protect human or animal lif
Page 147 and 148: c) FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commi
Page 149 and 150: Annex 1: List of participantsCountr
Page 151 and 152: Annex 2: AgendaDate Time Presentati
Page 153: Annex 3: List of resource persons1.
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