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There is better flow of valuable information from field to research institutes. During any new disease outbreak it iseasier to coordinate the quick flow of information and samples from field to research institutes and report back theoutcome of the diagnosis and necessary precautionary measures to farmers. Seeing the efficient implementationof the program corporate companies are showing interest to adopt societies for further infrastructure development.Retailers from developed countries are showing keen interest in buying society produce which are now becomingincreasingly well known for implementing sustainable farming practices in a socially responsible manner.g. Revival of livelihoods:NaCSA took up demonstration with the objective of reviving the livelihoods of those farmers in Krishna District ofAndhra Pradesh where 1/3 rd of the farming area developed was abandoned. The initial success in revivingabandoned ponds encouraged many farmers to organize societies and take up shrimp farming. More than 50aquaculture societies have been organized in this district alone. This could pave the way for full scale revival ofmost of the abandoned ponds in Andhra Pradesh and set an example for other parts of the country.Lessons Learnt:• Abandoned ponds could be revived• Instilling confidence in farmers through successful demonstration is the key• Good quality shrimp seeds need to be made available for these farmers• Cost of production could be far lesser in these areas as the farmer practice low input based farming• There is an opportunity for full scale revival of all the abandoned shrimp farms and lead them towardssustainable path in Andhra Pradesh and elsewhere in the country.i. Self propagating nature of the model:Indeed today we are seeing the emergence of numerous farmer societies throughout India because of the farmersconfidence in participatory group farming and the concept becoming mainstreamed. Society organization isprogressing very well, this is mainly due to the belief among the farming community that if they have to succeed asshrimp farmers they have to organize themselves. The reasons for this confidence in group farming according to afarmer, “we are strong as a group, we can address issues affecting us, but alone we cannot progress especially inshrimp farming”. Grassroots action in India demonstrates that group activities of the farmers can improve theirwell-being in many ways that individual approaches cannot. Farmer organization as groups is generatingimprovements for the individual producers in the following areas;• Enhancing their incomes and their bargaining power in markets. Clusters offer economies of scale, buyinginputs and improve market power when dealing with suppliers and selling product.• Societies improve information exchange and sharing of experience among participants.• Improved farming skills and technical knowledge• Ability to articulate demands and interact with markets and market forces ,other political and social actors• Access to financial services and ability to manage funds.• Knowledge and tools to use information on markets, services, technologies and rights• Self respect, social esteem and relationships to authorities and other social actorsProgress in organizing Aquaculture societies:113
With better informed farmers, the spreading and awareness building about the Society concept, more farmers areapproaching NaCSA to help them organize as societies. Details of farmer Societies organized to date are given intable below.State Total OfFarmers Area (ha)SocietiesAndhra Pradesh 229 5424 5483Orissa 28 750 1609Tamil Nadu 9 215 185Karnataka 11 249 245Grand Total277 6638 7522ConclusionThe organization of small scale shrimp farmers in India is (a) empowering small-scale farmers, (b) increasingstakeholder interaction and involvement within the clusters, and (c) is an ideal model for small scale farmers tomeet market requirements. The model is of a self propagating nature and most of all it is contributing tosustainability of small scale shrimp farmers livelihood in India. This example best exemplifies how small scaleshrimp farmers could remain economically viable and are able to comply with the increasing demands ofsophisticated markets, and most of all achieve sustainability. NaCSA by effectively, engaging with the thousandsof aquaculture producers in India and helping them to develop farm level plans for sustainable development withthe involvement and contribution of the many players involved in the supply chain, from producers to consumershas provided strength to the small farmers for economic and social advancement. This process will be furtherexpanded until all small scale aquaculture farmers in India gets the benefit. NaCSA now makes considerableefforts in helping farmers with better market access, bank credit and helping farmers avail Government supportproviding a much wider set of tools to influence farmers decision making in such matters. It is envisaged in comingyears there will be a increased influence of NaCSA on societies which can be used for regulated development offarmers and their societies.Acknowledgements:Thanks to Ms. Leena Nair, IAS, President, NaCSA and Chairperson of MPEDA and Mr. B. Vishnu Bhat, Director,MPEDA for their support and encouragement. I also acknowledges other MPEDA Officials for their whole heartedsupport for the work of NaCSA. Thanks also to NACA for giving me an opportunity to participate in this TOTprogram.114
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Training of TrainersProgramme3-7 Au
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Table of Contents1. Preface 42. Sen
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knowledge about the activities carr
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iosphere, in that it is essentially
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Importance in narrowing the supply
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Figure 7: The trend in aquaculture
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aquaculture has been a success thus
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pathogen transfer is generally cons
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• It highlights the importance a
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particular animal are identified, t
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Knowledge at the bottom of the pyra
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farmer innovation process. In this
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• Rapport building• Working str
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shrimp farming is undertaken in the
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Reintjes, C and Hiemstra, W. 1989 F
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• An increase in reliable product
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Principles of AACC are to: 1) Facil
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Maintaining genetic quality of fish
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Where F is the percent increase in
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o G=(0.95) 1/10G =0.994883803Figure
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Aquaculture extension and training
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ResearchExtensionFarmersFlow of inf
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view of outside world than before a
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Along with fish sample, the support
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Fungal examinationFungal infection
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few different pathogen strains. The
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Major finfish diseases in Asia and
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A great number and diversity of ani
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• -oxidase test positive• -resi
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ReferencesAustin, B. and D. Austin.
Page 64 and 65: Accessing better markets-improving
Page 66 and 67: Owing to its importance in generati
Page 68 and 69: adopt standards for responsible shr
Page 70: Tokrisna R, Benheam W., 1995. Gain
Page 73 and 74: of the temperature rise that were d
Page 75 and 76: Principles of developing, validatin
Page 77 and 78: such as determinants, exposures and
Page 79 and 80: How to promote adoption of BMPs?Pro
Page 81 and 82: economic sustainability. BMPs need
Page 83 and 84: Once you understand your stakeholde
Page 85 and 86: As conventional approaches such as
Page 87 and 88: Printed publicationsPrinted publica
Page 89 and 90: Set up a blog or website for your w
Page 91 and 92: If you have a website, all you need
Page 93 and 94: ought about increased profits among
Page 95 and 96: • It is a farming system the prod
Page 97 and 98: Annex 1. The area surveyed for obta
Page 99 and 100: contribute substantially to maintai
Page 101 and 102: seawater, but in fresh water its le
Page 103 and 104: type of ingredients used, since som
Page 105 and 106: This is a new approach used to buil
Page 107 and 108: New, M.B., A. G. J. Tacon and I. Cs
Page 109 and 110: later stages it has become a much m
Page 111 and 112: c. Improved information exchange an
Page 113: implemented by both societies. Inte
Page 117 and 118: According to FAO, it is estimated t
Page 119 and 120: Farmer organization as models for p
Page 121 and 122: NaCSA disseminates BMPs mainly thro
Page 123 and 124: 1. Drain the pond water completely
Page 125 and 126: Seed transportation and Stocking:
Page 127 and 128: 7. Presently 100% of the society po
Page 129 and 130: would help in sustaining shrimp sec
Page 131 and 132: Stress brought about by the capture
Page 133 and 134: Enhance women participation in aqua
Page 135 and 136: women in aquaculture and identify a
Page 137 and 138: major percentage of staff, the need
Page 139 and 140: having more self confidence through
Page 141 and 142: Overall status of men and women in
Page 143 and 144: Compliance to international standar
Page 145 and 146: (ii) to protect human or animal lif
Page 147 and 148: c) FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commi
Page 149 and 150: Annex 1: List of participantsCountr
Page 151 and 152: Annex 2: AgendaDate Time Presentati
Page 153: Annex 3: List of resource persons1.
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