Prospective crime mapping in operational context Final report

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Type ofinterventionSecure byDesign,ProtectingProperty andtargethardeningbyareaAlley-gatingPropertymarkingStudyEkblom (2002);Clarke, (1997);Tilley & Webb(1994)Bowers et al.(2003)Clarke (1997);Laycock (1985)Nelson etal.(2002); Sutton(1998)Evidence Cost CostDoes itwork?+/ --- / -+++/----DetailsDesigning out crime is awell established conceptthat has had profoundeffects on reducing crime.The concept of securelydesigned housing andenvironments is often notdifficult and can beachieved, at the pre-buildstage, for very little extracost.There is good evidenceon the potential benefitsfrom gating rear alleys asa means of reducingburglary.This measure reduces theanticipated rewards ofcrime by making propertyharder to dispose of.However, any impact islikely to be due toassociated publicity notthe intervention itself.These studies emphasisethat in reality, propertymarking does little todeter offenders frombreaking into a house orstealing marked propertyfrom within it.Financiallow/med/highCelerityslow/med/swiftSituationalcrimepreventionArea orspecificlocationLow-med Med Specific &areaPolicePartners involvedLocalAuthorityMultiagencygroup High Med-slow Area Med Swift-Med Specific 33
Type ofinterventionStudyUse ofintelligence &targetingknownoffendersFarrell et al.(1998);Stockdale &Gresham (1995)PublicitycampaignsStockdale &Gresham(1995); Burrows& Heal (1980);Riley (1980);Johnson &Bowers (2003),see also Smithet al. (2002)RepeatVictimisationStrategiesPease (1998);Forrester et al.(1988); Farrell(2005)Ringmaster Lister et al.(2004)Evidence Cost CostDoes itwork?+/ --- / -+DetailsThese studies show thatthe greater use ofintelligence helped focusresources.Financiallow/med/highCelerityslow/med/swiftSituationalcrimepreventionArea orspecificlocationHigh Swift-med Area &specificPolicePartners involvedLocalAuthorityMultiagencygroup +/---Campaigns on their ownrarely change behaviours,although they mayachieve a ‘drip feed’ effectif continued over time.Publicity associated withcrime prevention tacticscan have a crimereductive effect of its own.+ Once a property has been+/-burgled its chances ofsubsequent victimisationincreases; a gradedresponse model (bronze,silver, gold) has provedeffective.A system that alerts localresidents and voluntarygroups of up-to-datecrime information. Whilemany organisationsworried about raising fearof crime among theirclients, they circulated theinfo only to front-line staff.Mixed reviews about thesuccess of thedissemination ofinformation.34Med Swift -med Area Med Med Specific Low Med Area
Page 2 and 3: 1. UCL JILL DANDO INSTITUTE OF CRIM
Page 4 and 5: ContentsAcknowledgementsExecutive s
Page 6 and 7: 2.5 Illustration of a simple neares
Page 8 and 9: Project outcomesPatterns of burglar
Page 10 and 11: those that involved collaboration w
Page 12 and 13: 1. IntroductionThis report represen
Page 14 and 15: optimally calibrated system, the go
Page 16 and 17: e ij = n .j x n i.nWhere, e ij is t
Page 18 and 19: Table 2.2: Knox ratios for Mansfiel
Page 20 and 21: Table 2.6: Monte-Carlo results for
Page 22 and 23: Table 2.10: Weekly Knox ratios for
Page 24 and 25: Table 2.14: Monte-Carlo results for
Page 26 and 27: Figure 2.1: The five policing areas
Page 28 and 29: The results for area 5 again demons
Page 30 and 31: The bandwidth used to generate the
Page 32: a densely populated urban area this
Page 35 and 36: Table 2.24: Average number of crime
Page 37 and 38: Patrolling efficiencyAs discussed e
Page 39 and 40: 3. Tactical options and selecting a
Page 41 and 42: Selecting a pilot siteThe decision
Page 43: Table 3.2: Tactical options matrixT
Page 47 and 48: Other potential tactical optionsAt
Page 49 and 50: 4. System development and evolution
Page 51 and 52: the same time of day as each other
Page 53 and 54: unfortunately, implementation or us
Page 55 and 56: any tactical options were employed
Page 57 and 58: the end of the pilot. In addition t
Page 59 and 60: Figure 5.1: Promap dissemination pr
Page 61 and 62: the busy schedule of the new Divisi
Page 63 and 64: Tactical deliveryCommand Team daily
Page 65 and 66: Table 5.3: Number of respondents wh
Page 67 and 68: permitted, up to four plain clothed
Page 69 and 70: observation made by those who used
Page 71 and 72: A simple time-series analysis (see
Page 73 and 74: Two approaches were used to compute
Page 75 and 76: Figure 6.3: Changes in the proporti
Page 77 and 78: Figure 6.5: Changes in the proporti
Page 79 and 80: With respect to implementation real
Page 81 and 82: ReferencesAggresti, A. (1996) An In
Page 83 and 84: Johnson, S.D., Summers, L., and Pea
Page 85 and 86: Appendix 1. The information technol
Page 87 and 88: Figure A1.2: Stand-alone applicatio
Page 89 and 90: Recommendations that may be realise
Page 91 and 92: Section 1: knowledge and understand
Page 93 and 94: Extra Comments (please outline any
Page 95 and 96:
In relation to the evaluation of in
Page 97 and 98:
Time-series analysisFor the purpose
Page 99 and 100:
Figure A3.1: Changes in the spatial
Page 101 and 102:
Figure A3.2: Lorenz curves showing
Page 103 and 104:
To recapitulate and elaborate, the
Page 105 and 106:
Concluding comments on methodThe te
Page 107 and 108:
Figure A5.2: An enlargement of the
Page 109 and 110:
Figure A5.6: Prospective map magnif
Page 111:
Produced by the Research Developmen
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Prospective crime mapping in operational context Final report

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