Prospective crime mapping in operational context Final report

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export the maps themselves, which could then be interrogated in detail by the Section Sergeantsusing the software provided. Consequently, the Intelligence Analysts trained each LIO to use thesoftware once they had acquired the relevant equipment, in this case laptops. Unfortunately, due tologistical issues involved in acquiring the laptops, this did not take place until the end of December intwo sections and the end of January in the other three. Thus, this solution was not fully realised untilvery late in the pilot period. Figure 5.1 illustrates this method of dissemination.A fourth method of dissemination was through the fortnightly tactical assessment and co-ordinationmeetings. The maps were used during these sessions if, and only if, the Command Team felt thatburglary had been a significant concern over the last two weeks. These meetings allowed for afocused discussion of the maps and potential tactical options that could be used in the identifiedareas. One such response that evolved in January 2006 was that of a collaboration between theCommunity Safety Team who worked with the Division to organise and implement a promap-specifictargeted operation. The operation was intended to provide high visibility policing and crime reductionmeasures to the areas identified through Promap, with the intention of:• increasing public awareness around home security and property marking; and• increasing neighbourhood watch schemes in priority areas.This involved the co-ordination of the Divisional Community Safety Unit and all sections. To elaborate,on days that the maps were produced (i.e. Mondays and Thursdays) one Section Beat Officer and oneCommunity Safety Constable would use the Mobile Police Station (i.e. a marked police van) with theintention of targeting identified hotspots in two ways: firstly by providing a high visibility presence todeter potential offenders; and secondly to increase public awareness visiting residential premises inthe identified areas giving out crime reduction advice, making home security assessments whereneeded, referrals to other agencies and considering whether a neighbourhood watch scheme wouldbe appropriate for the identified area(s). It was felt by ‘A’ Division as well as the research team thatthis collaboration was a success in its own right as it helped improve the already good relationshipbetween the Community Safety Unit, community partners and front-line Beat Officers.47
Figure 5.1: Promap dissemination process across ‘A’ Division (squares shaded grey were present throughout the pilot while squares in white were onlyadded to the dissemination process during the final two months of the pilot)Intelligence AnalystsProduce maps and put them innetwork Divisional Section folders41 2 3Tasking and Co-ordinationIf burglary is of considerableconcern, maps are discussedwith key officers and partnersand operational tactics aredecided uponDaily Meetings (‘daily prayers’)The Command Team decidewhether or not the maps should beshown during the meeting. If theyare, any tactics that evolve from themaps are discussed and plannedSection Sergeants (daily shiftmeetings)Section Sergeants responsiblefor accessing the maps anddeciding whether or not to usethem for targeted police activitySection LIOsResponsible for navigating themaps with the Section laptops.This is dependent on Sectionspecific problem areasCommunity Safety TeamHave the potential to use theinformation discussed around themaps to deliver tactics, e.g. givingcrime prevention advice toresidents in Promap identifiedhotspotsSection Inspectors andSergeantsResponsible for implementingthe tactical options with frontline officersBeat OfficersResponsible for carrying outany tactical options in responseto the maps48
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1. UCL JILL DANDO INSTITUTE OF CRIM
Page 4 and 5:
ContentsAcknowledgementsExecutive s
Page 6 and 7:
2.5 Illustration of a simple neares
Page 8 and 9: Project outcomesPatterns of burglar
Page 10 and 11: those that involved collaboration w
Page 12 and 13: 1. IntroductionThis report represen
Page 14 and 15: optimally calibrated system, the go
Page 16 and 17: e ij = n .j x n i.nWhere, e ij is t
Page 18 and 19: Table 2.2: Knox ratios for Mansfiel
Page 20 and 21: Table 2.6: Monte-Carlo results for
Page 22 and 23: Table 2.10: Weekly Knox ratios for
Page 24 and 25: Table 2.14: Monte-Carlo results for
Page 26 and 27: Figure 2.1: The five policing areas
Page 28 and 29: The results for area 5 again demons
Page 30 and 31: The bandwidth used to generate the
Page 32: a densely populated urban area this
Page 35 and 36: Table 2.24: Average number of crime
Page 37 and 38: Patrolling efficiencyAs discussed e
Page 39 and 40: 3. Tactical options and selecting a
Page 41 and 42: Selecting a pilot siteThe decision
Page 43 and 44: Table 3.2: Tactical options matrixT
Page 45 and 46: Type ofinterventionStudyUse ofintel
Page 47 and 48: Other potential tactical optionsAt
Page 49 and 50: 4. System development and evolution
Page 51 and 52: the same time of day as each other
Page 53 and 54: unfortunately, implementation or us
Page 55 and 56: any tactical options were employed
Page 57: the end of the pilot. In addition t
Page 61 and 62: the busy schedule of the new Divisi
Page 63 and 64: Tactical deliveryCommand Team daily
Page 65 and 66: Table 5.3: Number of respondents wh
Page 67 and 68: permitted, up to four plain clothed
Page 69 and 70: observation made by those who used
Page 71 and 72: A simple time-series analysis (see
Page 73 and 74: Two approaches were used to compute
Page 75 and 76: Figure 6.3: Changes in the proporti
Page 77 and 78: Figure 6.5: Changes in the proporti
Page 79 and 80: With respect to implementation real
Page 81 and 82: ReferencesAggresti, A. (1996) An In
Page 83 and 84: Johnson, S.D., Summers, L., and Pea
Page 85 and 86: Appendix 1. The information technol
Page 87 and 88: Figure A1.2: Stand-alone applicatio
Page 89 and 90: Recommendations that may be realise
Page 91 and 92: Section 1: knowledge and understand
Page 93 and 94: Extra Comments (please outline any
Page 95 and 96: In relation to the evaluation of in
Page 97 and 98: Time-series analysisFor the purpose
Page 99 and 100: Figure A3.1: Changes in the spatial
Page 101 and 102: Figure A3.2: Lorenz curves showing
Page 103 and 104: To recapitulate and elaborate, the
Page 105 and 106: Concluding comments on methodThe te
Page 107 and 108: Figure A5.2: An enlargement of the
Page 109 and 110:
Figure A5.6: Prospective map magnif
Page 111:
Produced by the Research Developmen
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