Prospective crime mapping in operational context Final report

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Figure A1.1: Internal application utilising existing GIS for visualisation2. A stand-alone application may be developed that can process crime data exported fromexisting IT systems. The major disadvantage of this approach is that data have to first beextracted, stored on some form of portable media and then imported to the externalapplication. This takes time, particularly where the maximum rate of data transfer possiblefor the portable media used is slow. The use of Universal Serial Bus hard disk dives (USBHDD) or Firewire connections can increase the celerity of data transfer, but suchconnections are typically disabled on police IT systems for reasons of security.Once the data have been processed they can be relayed to the user in one of two ways.a) As shown in Figure A1.2, data may be imported into an existing GeographicalInformation System and used to produce maps. A disadvantage with thisapproach is that further time is required to import and manipulate the data, and toadd any required images of the urban backcloth.b) Alternatively, a GIS visualisation tool may be implemented within the stand-aloneapplication to allow maps to be generated and interrogated within it (see FigureA1.3). This has the distinct advantage that the process of visualising the data canbe automated and images may be produced to a standard (but modifiable)template.75
Figure A1.2: Stand-alone application utilising existing GISFor reasons already discussed, option 2b was used in the current project. That is, a stand-aloneapplication was developed which accepts data from a predefined export procedure installed on apersonal computer with access to a live crime recording system. The application runs on a laptop,providing all the processing and visualisation elements. As the visualisation component of the systemwas specifically designed for this purpose, the relevant images of the urban backcloth areautomatically selected by the application at the correct level of resolution for the map displayed.76
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1. UCL JILL DANDO INSTITUTE OF CRIM
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ContentsAcknowledgementsExecutive s
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2.5 Illustration of a simple neares
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Project outcomesPatterns of burglar
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those that involved collaboration w
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1. IntroductionThis report represen
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optimally calibrated system, the go
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e ij = n .j x n i.nWhere, e ij is t
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Table 2.2: Knox ratios for Mansfiel
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Table 2.6: Monte-Carlo results for
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Table 2.10: Weekly Knox ratios for
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Table 2.14: Monte-Carlo results for
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Figure 2.1: The five policing areas
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The results for area 5 again demons
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The bandwidth used to generate the
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a densely populated urban area this
Page 35 and 36: Table 2.24: Average number of crime
Page 37 and 38: Patrolling efficiencyAs discussed e
Page 39 and 40: 3. Tactical options and selecting a
Page 41 and 42: Selecting a pilot siteThe decision
Page 43 and 44: Table 3.2: Tactical options matrixT
Page 45 and 46: Type ofinterventionStudyUse ofintel
Page 47 and 48: Other potential tactical optionsAt
Page 49 and 50: 4. System development and evolution
Page 51 and 52: the same time of day as each other
Page 53 and 54: unfortunately, implementation or us
Page 55 and 56: any tactical options were employed
Page 57 and 58: the end of the pilot. In addition t
Page 59 and 60: Figure 5.1: Promap dissemination pr
Page 61 and 62: the busy schedule of the new Divisi
Page 63 and 64: Tactical deliveryCommand Team daily
Page 65 and 66: Table 5.3: Number of respondents wh
Page 67 and 68: permitted, up to four plain clothed
Page 69 and 70: observation made by those who used
Page 71 and 72: A simple time-series analysis (see
Page 73 and 74: Two approaches were used to compute
Page 75 and 76: Figure 6.3: Changes in the proporti
Page 77 and 78: Figure 6.5: Changes in the proporti
Page 79 and 80: With respect to implementation real
Page 81 and 82: ReferencesAggresti, A. (1996) An In
Page 83 and 84: Johnson, S.D., Summers, L., and Pea
Page 85: Appendix 1. The information technol
Page 89 and 90: Recommendations that may be realise
Page 91 and 92: Section 1: knowledge and understand
Page 93 and 94: Extra Comments (please outline any
Page 95 and 96: In relation to the evaluation of in
Page 97 and 98: Time-series analysisFor the purpose
Page 99 and 100: Figure A3.1: Changes in the spatial
Page 101 and 102: Figure A3.2: Lorenz curves showing
Page 103 and 104: To recapitulate and elaborate, the
Page 105 and 106: Concluding comments on methodThe te
Page 107 and 108: Figure A5.2: An enlargement of the
Page 109 and 110: Figure A5.6: Prospective map magnif
Page 111: Produced by the Research Developmen
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