Guide to COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS of investment projects - Ramiri

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Table 4.10 Economic analysis (Millions of Euros) – Free MotorwayCF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15BENEFITSConsumer’s surplus 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53.7 56.1 58.4 60.8 63.2 65.6 68.0 70.3 72.7 75.1 77.5Time Benefits 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59.9 62.5 65.0 67.6 70.1 72.6 75.2 77.7 80.3 82.8 85.3Vehicle Operating Costs (perceived) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -6.3 -6.4 -6.6 -6.7 -6.9 -7.1 -7.2 -7.4 -7.6 -7.7 -7.9Gross Producer and Road User Surplus 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -10.3 -10.6 -10.8 -11.1 -11.3 -11.6 -11.8 -12.1 -12.3 -12.6 -12.8Tolls 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Vehicle Operating Costs (not perceived) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -10.3 -10.6 -10.8 -11.1 -11.3 -11.6 -11.8 -12.1 -12.3 -12.6 -12.8Net revenues for the State 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.3 10.5 10.8 11.0 11.3 11.6 11.8 12.1 12.3 12.6 12.8Net Environmental Benefits 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3Accident reduction 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1TOTAL BENEFITS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53.4 55.8 58.2 60.6 63.0 65.4 67.7 70.1 72.5 74.9 77.3COSTSInvestment CostsWorks 0.794 77.2 115.7 113.8 91.9Junctions 0.794 45.6 45.6 45.6 45.6Land acquisition 1.000 14.7 14.2 14.7 14.7General Expenses 0.998 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5Other expenses 0.998 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5Total investments costs 152.5 190.5 189.1 167.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Operating Costs (motorway operator)Maintenance 0.573 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5General Expenses 0.998 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4Total operating costs 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9TOTAL COSTS 152.5 190.5 189.1 167.2 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9NET BENEFITS -152.5 -191.0 -189.1 -167.2 49.5 51.9 54.2 56.6 59.0 61.4 62.9 65.3 67.6 70.0 72.4CF 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30BENEFITSConsumer’s surplus 79.8 82.2 84.6 87.0 88.9 90.9 92.9 94.9 96.9 98.9 98.9 98.9 98.9 98.9 98.9Time Benefits 87.9 90.4 93.0 95.5 97.6 99.7 101.7 103.8 105.9 108.0 108.0 108.0 108.0 108.0 108.0Vehicle Operating Costs (perceived) -8.1 -8.2 -8.4 -8.5 -8.6 -8.7 -8.8 -8.9 -9.0 -9.1 -9.1 -9.1 -9.1 -9.1 -9.1Gross Producer and Road User Surplus -13.1 -13.3 -13.6 -13.8 -14.0 -14.1 -14.3 -14.4 -14.6 -14.7 -14.7 -14.7 -14.7 -14.7 -14.7Tolls 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Vehicle Operating Costs (not perceived) -13.1 -13.3 -13.6 -13.8 -14.0 -14.1 -14.3 -14.4 -14.6 -14.7 -14.7 -14.7 -14.7 -14.7 -14.7Net revenues for the State 13.1 13.3 13.6 13.8 14.0 14.1 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7Net Environmental Benefits -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3Accident reduction 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2TOTAL BENEFITS -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0BENEFITS 79.7 82.1 84.5 86.8 88.8 90.8 92.8 94.8 96.8 98.8 98.8 98.8 98.8 98.8 98.8COSTSInvestment CostsWorks 0.794Junctions 0.794Land acquisition 1.000General Expenses 0.998Other expenses 0.998Total investments costs 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -279.9Operating Costs (motorway operator)Maintenance 0.573 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.2 2.2 2.2 3.3 3.3 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0General Expenses 0.998 3.4 3.4 3.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6Total operating costs 4.9 4.9 4.9 6.5 6.5 6.5 7.6 7.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6TOTAL COSTS 4.9 4.9 4.9 6.5 6.5 6.5 7.6 7.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 -271.3NET BENEFITS 74.7 77.1 79.5 80.3 82.3 84.3 85.1 87.1 88.3 90.2 90.2 90.2 90.2 90.2 370.1Discount Rate 5.5%ENPV 212.9ERR 7.8%B/C ratio 1.3140
Table 4.11 Financial return on investment (Millions of Euros)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15REVENUES 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Works 97.2 145.7 143.4 115.8Junctions 57.5 57.5 57.5 57.5Land acquisition 15.0 14.5 15.0 15.0General Expenses 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5Other expenses 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5TOTAL INVESTMENTS COSTS 184.7 232.7 230.9 203.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maintenance 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7General expanses 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4TOTAL OPERATING COSTS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1TOTAL OUTFLOWS 184.7 232.7 230.9 203.3 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1NET CASH FLOW -184.7 -232.7 -230.9 -203.3 -4.4 -4.4 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -6.0 -6.1 -6.1 -6.1 -6.116 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30REVENUES 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 340.6WorksJunctionsLand acquisitionGeneral ExpensesOther expensesTOTAL INVESTMENTS COSTS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maintenance 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.9 3.9 3.9 5.8 5.8 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0General expanses 3.4 3.4 3.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6TOTAL OPERATING COSTS 6.1 6.1 6.1 8.2 8.2 8.2 10.2 10.2 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6TOTAL OUTFLOWS 6.1 6.1 6.1 8.2 8.2 8.2 10.2 10.2 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6NET CASH FLOW -6.1 -6.1 -6.1 -8.2 -8.2 -8.2 -10.2 -10.2 -11.6 -11.6 -11.6 -11.6 -11.6 -11.6 329.0Discount Rate 5.0%FNPV (C) -755.6FRR (C) -5.0%141
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONSBAUB/CCBA
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TABLESTable 2.1 Financial analysis
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FIGURESFigure 1.1 Project cost spre
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Cohesion Fund, and through the leve
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or the plant will not reveal excess
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CHAPTER ONEPROJECT APPRAISAL IN THE
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Some specifications for financial t
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FOCUS: INFORMATION REQUIREDGeneral
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In particular, CBA results should p
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CHAPTER TWOAN AGENDA FOR THE PROJEC
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objectives, are, as far as possible
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considered the appropriate shadow p
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2.3.2 Feasibility analysisFeasibili
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This approach will be presented in
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Current assets include:- receivable
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The following items are usually not
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Mainly, the examiner uses the FRR(C
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The dynamics of the incoming flows
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eturn on their own capital (Kp). Th
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While the approach presented in thi
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2.5.1 Conversion of market to accou
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Table 2.9 Electricity price dispers
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2.5.1.2 Fiscal correctionsSome item
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previously estimated in projects wi
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FOCUS: ENPV VS. FNPVThe difference
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2.6 Risk assessmentProject appraisa
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Table 2.14 Impact analysis of criti
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Figure 2.6 Probability distribution
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eneficiary. The project proposer sh
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There are many ways to design an MC
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PROJECT APPRAISAL CHECK-LISTCONTEXT
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- reduction of congestion by elimin
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- the methods applied to estimate e
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- the marginal external costs: cong
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- the benefits for the existing tra
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The following tables show some refe
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3.1.1.6 Risk assessmentDue to their
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As shown in Figure 3.1, only under
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3.1.3.7 Other project evaluation ap
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- Waste Management Hierarchy rules
Page 89 and 90: The time horizon for a project anal
Page 91 and 92: 3.2.1.7 Other project evaluation ap
Page 93 and 94: every user support the total costs
Page 95 and 96: Territorial reference frameworkIf t
Page 97 and 98: Cycle and phases of the projectGrea
Page 99 and 100: One of the most important aims of t
Page 101 and 102: projects, as in other sectors in wh
Page 103 and 104: 3.2.3.2 Project identificationBasic
Page 105 and 106: 3.2.3.7 Other project evaluation ap
Page 107 and 108: In order to evaluate the overall im
Page 109 and 110: for regassification plants, number
Page 111 and 112: Examples of objectives are:- change
Page 113 and 114: decontamination if any;- the techni
Page 115 and 116: 3.3.3.6 Risk AnalysisCritical facto
Page 117 and 118: 3.3.4.6 Risk assessmentCritical fac
Page 119 and 120: 3.4.1.5 Economic analysisThe follow
Page 121 and 122: Financial inflows• Admission fees
Page 123 and 124: expectancy suitably adjusted by the
Page 125 and 126: The time horizon for project analys
Page 127 and 128: A Cost-Benefit Analysis should cons
Page 129 and 130: CHAPTER FOURCASE STUDIESOverviewThi
Page 131 and 132: - finally, there is the traffic tha
Page 134 and 135: c) Road users producer’s surplus:
Page 136 and 137: 4.1.5 Scenario analysisTwo scenario
Page 138 and 139: The financial performance indicator
Page 142 and 143: Table 4.12 Financial return on capi
Page 144 and 145: 4.2 Case Study: investment in a rai
Page 146 and 147: 4.2.4 Economic analysisThe benefits
Page 148 and 149: Financial investment costs have bee
Page 150 and 151: Figure 4.6 Results of the risk anal
Page 152 and 153: Table 4.22 Economic analysis (Milli
Page 156 and 157: 4.3 Case Study: investment in an in
Page 158 and 159: ate of 0.6% per year is assumed for
Page 160 and 161: The shadow price of the CO 2 avoide
Page 162 and 163: As a result, the probability distri
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Page 168 and 169: 4.4 Case Study: investment in a was
Page 170 and 171: 4.4.2 Financial analysisAlthough in
Page 172 and 173: THE CALCULATION OF REVENUESReferrin
Page 174 and 175: 0.15 m 3 /m 2 a depreciation of 20%
Page 176 and 177: As result, the probability distribu
Page 178 and 179: Figure 4.13 Probability distributio
Page 180 and 181: Table 4.48 Financial return on nati
Page 182 and 183: Table 4.50 Financial return on priv
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Page 186 and 187: 4.5 Case Study: industrial investme
Page 188 and 189: 4.5.4.1 Investment costsThe total i
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Finally, a residual value was estim
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This analysis shows the need to pay
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Table 4.62 Financial return on inve
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Table 4.64 Return on private equity
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Table 4.66 Economic analysis (thous
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ANNEX ADEMAND ANALYSISDemand foreca
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The method applied for the forecast
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Furthermore, travel demand depends
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This Guide supports a unique refere
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A higher discount rate for countrie
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Figure C.1 Project ranking by NPV v
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The main problems with this indicat
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EXAMPLE OF SHADOW WAGE IN DUAL MARK
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Another exhaustive way to include d
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Figure E.2 Percentage of low income
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ANNEX FEVALUATION OF HEALTH &ENVIRO
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Figure F.1 Main evaluation methodsS
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- expenditure on capital equipment
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due to air pollution or water conta
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BENEFIT TRANSFER - SELECTED REFEREN
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ANNEX GEVALUATION OF PPP PROJECTSIt
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adjustments for Competitive Neutral
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ANNEX HRISK ASSESSMENTIn ex-ante pr
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Reference ForecastingThe question o
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Figure H.5 Levels of risks in diffe
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ANNEX IDETERMINATION OF THE EU GRAN
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A.4. Technological Alternatives and
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GLOSSARYAccounting period: the inte
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Market price: the price at which a
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BIBLIOGRAPHY1. ReferencesBelli, P.,
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Ray, A. 1984, Cost-benefit analysis
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EnvironmentGeneralAtkinson, G., 200
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European Commission, DG Tren, 2003,
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Guide to COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS of investment projects - Ramiri

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