Handbook for Methane Control in Mining - AMMSA

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95Diamond WP [1994]. Methane control for underground coal mines. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S.Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, IC 9395. NTIS No. PB94189289.Diamond WP, Schatzel SJ [1998]. Measuring the gas content of coal: a review. Int J Coal Geol35:311–331.Gunther J, Bélin J [1967]. Forecasting methane emission at faces in flat seams. In: Proceedingsof the 12th International Conference of Mine Safety Research Establishments (Dortmund, Germany,September 11–15, 1967). Vol. 3. Paper No. 45. Detmold, Germany: Hermann BösmannGmbH.Hargraves AJ [1973]. Planning and operation of gaseous mines. CIM Bull, March.Kimmins EJ [1971]. Firedamp drainage in the northwestern area. Colliery Guardian, AnnualReview, pp. 39–45.Kissell FN, McCulloch CM, Elder CH [1973]. The direct method of determining methane contentof coalbeds for ventilation design. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureauof Mines, RI 7767.Langmuir I [1918]. The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica, and platinum.J Am Chem Soc.Lidin GD [1961]. Control of methane in coal mines. Washington, DC: Israel Program for ScientificTranslations.Mazza RL, Mlinar MP [1977]. Reducing methane in coal mine gob areas with verticalboreholes. Continental Oil Co. U.S. Bureau of Mines contract No. H0322851. NTIS No.PB272768.Moore TD Jr., Zabetakis MG [1972]. Effect of a surface borehole on longwall gob degasification(Pocahontas No. 3 coalbed). Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau ofMines, RI 7657.Moore TD Jr., Deul M, Kissell FN [1976]. Longwall gob degasification with surface ventilationboreholes above the lower Kittanning coalbed. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Department of the Interior,Bureau of Mines, RI 8195.Puri R, Yee D [1990]. Enhanced coalbed methane recovery. In: Proceedings of the 65th AnnualTechnical Conference and Exhibition of the Society of Petroleum Engineers (New Orleans LA,September 23–26, 1990). Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers, pp. 193–202.Spindler GR, Poundstone WN [1960]. Experimental work in the degasification of the Pittsburghcoal seam by horizontal and vertical Drilling. Preprint No. 60F106. Littleton, CO: AmericanInstitute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers.
96Thakur PC [1981]. Methane control for longwall gobs. In: Ramani RV, ed. Longwall-shortwallmining: state of the art. Littleton CO: American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, andPetroleum Engineers, pp. 81–86.Thakur PC, Davis JG [1977]. How to plan for methane control in underground coal mines.Min Eng Oct:41–45.Thakur, PC, Poundstone WN [1980]. Horizontal drilling technology for advance degasification.Min Eng Jun:676–680.Thakur PC, Zachwieja J [2001]. Methane control and ventilation for 1,000-ft wide longwallfaces. In: Proceedings of Longwall USA, International Exhibition and Conference (Pittsburgh,PA, June 13–15, 2001), pp. 167–180.Thakur PC, Cervik J, Lauer SD [1983]. Methane drainage with cross-measure boreholes on aretreat longwall face. Preprint No. 83–398. Littleton, CO: American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical,and Petroleum Engineers.Thakur PC, Christopher DA, Bockhorst R W [1988]. Horizontal drilling technology for coalseam methane recovery. In: Gillies ADS, ed. Proceedings of the Fourth International MineVentilation Congress (Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, July 3–6, 1988), pp. 201–207.Winter K [1975]. Extent of gas emission zones influenced by extraction. In: Proceedings of theInternational Conference on Coal Mine Safety Research, Washington DC), pp. V3.1–V3.17.
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TMIC 9486Information Circular/2006H
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ORDERING INFORMATIONCopies of Natio
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ILLUSTRATIONS—ContinuedPage4-6. U
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HANDBOOK FOR METHANE CONTROL IN MIN
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4Below 5%, called the lower explosi
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6reduced pressure, except at very l
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8Static electricity. Protection aga
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10Figure 1-4.—Estimated methane c
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12LAYERING OF METHANE AT THE MINE R
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14good eyesight. 24methane level.Ot
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16a material balance indicated that
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18As an example, assume that themet
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20Figure 1-10.—Relative frequency
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22Davies AW, Isaac AK, Cook PM [200
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24Margerson SNA, Robinson H, Wilkin
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CHAPTER 2.—SAMPLING FOR METHANE I
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29USING PORTABLE METHANE DETECTORST
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Out-of-range gas concentrations in
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Figure 2-3.—Recorder chart from a
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35Industrial Scientific Corp. [2004
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38peaks, not the overallmethane lev
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40hung on J-hook assemblies, which
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42Methane dilution effectiveness.Th
Page 49 and 50: 44found that effective scrubber ope
Page 51 and 52: 46When the scrubber exhaust is not
Page 53 and 54: 48Methane monitors are usually moun
Page 55 and 56: 50to use radial bits instead of con
Page 57 and 58: 52Mott ML, Chuhta EJ [1991]. Face v
Page 59 and 60: 54Service, Centers for Disease Cont
Page 61 and 62: 56Methane accumulationsaround thesh
Page 63 and 64: 58corner and by 43% at supportNo. 4
Page 65 and 66: 60When using water sprays to reduce
Page 67 and 68: 62Cecala AB, Zimmer JA, Thimons ED
Page 69 and 70: 64DESIGNING BLEEDER SYSTEMSAs part
Page 71 and 72: 66Caved area characteristics. The c
Page 73 and 74: 68then move this gas into the activ
Page 75 and 76: 70perform tests to determine whethe
Page 77 and 78: 72A major purpose of the bleeder sy
Page 79 and 80: 74• Inlets to the pillared area n
Page 81 and 82: 76REFERENCESCFR. Code of federal re
Page 83 and 84: 78Methane is released into each min
Page 85 and 86: 80Figure 6-1.—Gas content of coal
Page 87 and 88: 82Figure 6-3.—Simplified illustra
Page 89 and 90: 842. In-mine inclined or vertical b
Page 91 and 92: 861. Packed cavity method and its v
Page 93 and 94: 88Table 6-3.—Methane capture rati
Page 95 and 96: 90Early experiences with this metho
Page 97 and 98: 9211. At the surface installation (
Page 99: 94• Estimated cost for moderately
Page 103 and 104: 98Anomalous, unanticipated methane
Page 105 and 106: 100Vertical methane drainage boreho
Page 107 and 108: 102Figure 7-2 shows a mine entry ap
Page 109 and 110: 104obvious solution to this problem
Page 111 and 112: 106Figure 7-8.—Hypothetical gas c
Page 113 and 114: 108Lama and Bodziony [1998] compile
Page 115 and 116: 110In-mine methane drainage systems
Page 117 and 118: 112Iannacchione AT, Ulery JP, Hyman
Page 119 and 120: 114More sophisticated reservoir eng
Page 121 and 122: 116coal lithotype on gas content is
Page 123 and 124: 118FORECASTING REMAINING GAS-IN-PLA
Page 125 and 126: 120⎛ y⎞⎜⎛⎞ ⎛ ⎞= ⎜
Page 127 and 128: 122emissions. The geometry and size
Page 129 and 130: 124Reservoir models require a subst
Page 131 and 132: 126King GR, Ertekin T [1989a]. A su
Page 133 and 134: 128an area of 314 ft 2 would requir
Page 135 and 136: 130In the case of the abovementione
Page 137 and 138: 132FILLING SHAFTS AT CLOSED MINESFi
Page 139 and 140: 134Hinderfeld G [1995]. Ventilation
Page 141 and 142: 136To calculate the effectiveinert,
Page 143 and 144: 138exhaust. The remaining diesel ex
Page 145 and 146: 140required only 4 min. As a result
Page 147 and 148: 142Figure 11-1.—Desorption test a
Page 149 and 150: 144enclosed in a tunnel-like struct
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146Kolada RJ [1985]. Investigation
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148air in a 6-ft by 9-ft by 6.5-ft
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150represents flammable mixtures. F
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152• In Eastern Europe, petroleum
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154Category II applies to domal sal
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1562. Monitoring for gas and taking
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158These mines typically have large
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160Dave Graham is the safety and he
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162Figure 13-2.—Examples of metha
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164REFERENCESAndrews JN [1987]. Nob
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166APPENDIX A.—ONTARIO OCCUPATION
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169CHAPTER 14.—PREVENTING METHANE
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Ways to confirm the presence of gas
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173The tunnel face is usually venti
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175Figure 14-5.—TBM ventilation s
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face. While one of these elements a
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179ELIMINATING IGNITION SOURCESElec
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181INDEXAAbnormally gassy faces....
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183NNatural ventilation, coal silos
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Delivering on the Nation’s Promis
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