Handbook for Methane Control in Mining - AMMSA

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79Seam gas content. Based on their gas contents, coal seams can be classified as mildly gassy,moderately gassy, and highly gassy, as shown in Table 6–2.Table 6–2.—Gassiness of coal seamsCategory1 Depth, ftGas content of coal,ft 3 /tonMildly 2 gassy.....................
80Figure 6–1.—Gas content of coal versus gas pressure for some U.S. coals[Kissell et al. 1973].THRESHOLDS FOR COAL SEAM DEGASIFICATIONMethane drainage must be performed whenthe ventilation air cannot dilute the methaneemissions in the mine to a level below thestatutory limits.Generally, it is economically feasible to handle specific methane emissions 3 from a mine up to1,000 ft 3 /ton with a well-designed ventilation system. At higher specific emission rates, a stageis reached where ventilation cost becomes excessive or it becomes impossible to stay within3 Specific methane emission is the total amount of gas released from the mine divided by the total amount of coalmined. Specific emission values are much higher than the gas content of the coal because of methane emission fromcoal that is not mined (ribs and pillars) and methane emission from strata adjacent to the mined coalbed.
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TMIC 9486Information Circular/2006H
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ORDERING INFORMATIONCopies of Natio
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ILLUSTRATIONS—ContinuedPage4-6. U
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HANDBOOK FOR METHANE CONTROL IN MIN
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4Below 5%, called the lower explosi
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6reduced pressure, except at very l
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8Static electricity. Protection aga
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10Figure 1-4.—Estimated methane c
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12LAYERING OF METHANE AT THE MINE R
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14good eyesight. 24methane level.Ot
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16a material balance indicated that
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18As an example, assume that themet
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20Figure 1-10.—Relative frequency
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22Davies AW, Isaac AK, Cook PM [200
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24Margerson SNA, Robinson H, Wilkin
Page 33 and 34: CHAPTER 2.—SAMPLING FOR METHANE I
Page 35 and 36: 29USING PORTABLE METHANE DETECTORST
Page 37 and 38: Out-of-range gas concentrations in
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2-3.—Recorder chart from a
Page 41 and 42: 35Industrial Scientific Corp. [2004
Page 43 and 44: 38peaks, not the overallmethane lev
Page 45 and 46: 40hung on J-hook assemblies, which
Page 47 and 48: 42Methane dilution effectiveness.Th
Page 49 and 50: 44found that effective scrubber ope
Page 51 and 52: 46When the scrubber exhaust is not
Page 53 and 54: 48Methane monitors are usually moun
Page 55 and 56: 50to use radial bits instead of con
Page 57 and 58: 52Mott ML, Chuhta EJ [1991]. Face v
Page 59 and 60: 54Service, Centers for Disease Cont
Page 61 and 62: 56Methane accumulationsaround thesh
Page 63 and 64: 58corner and by 43% at supportNo. 4
Page 65 and 66: 60When using water sprays to reduce
Page 67 and 68: 62Cecala AB, Zimmer JA, Thimons ED
Page 69 and 70: 64DESIGNING BLEEDER SYSTEMSAs part
Page 71 and 72: 66Caved area characteristics. The c
Page 73 and 74: 68then move this gas into the activ
Page 75 and 76: 70perform tests to determine whethe
Page 77 and 78: 72A major purpose of the bleeder sy
Page 79 and 80: 74• Inlets to the pillared area n
Page 81 and 82: 76REFERENCESCFR. Code of federal re
Page 83: 78Methane is released into each min
Page 87 and 88: 82Figure 6-3.—Simplified illustra
Page 89 and 90: 842. In-mine inclined or vertical b
Page 91 and 92: 861. Packed cavity method and its v
Page 93 and 94: 88Table 6-3.—Methane capture rati
Page 95 and 96: 90Early experiences with this metho
Page 97 and 98: 9211. At the surface installation (
Page 99 and 100: 94• Estimated cost for moderately
Page 101 and 102: 96Thakur PC [1981]. Methane control
Page 103 and 104: 98Anomalous, unanticipated methane
Page 105 and 106: 100Vertical methane drainage boreho
Page 107 and 108: 102Figure 7-2 shows a mine entry ap
Page 109 and 110: 104obvious solution to this problem
Page 111 and 112: 106Figure 7-8.—Hypothetical gas c
Page 113 and 114: 108Lama and Bodziony [1998] compile
Page 115 and 116: 110In-mine methane drainage systems
Page 117 and 118: 112Iannacchione AT, Ulery JP, Hyman
Page 119 and 120: 114More sophisticated reservoir eng
Page 121 and 122: 116coal lithotype on gas content is
Page 123 and 124: 118FORECASTING REMAINING GAS-IN-PLA
Page 125 and 126: 120⎛ y⎞⎜⎛⎞ ⎛ ⎞= ⎜
Page 127 and 128: 122emissions. The geometry and size
Page 129 and 130: 124Reservoir models require a subst
Page 131 and 132: 126King GR, Ertekin T [1989a]. A su
Page 133 and 134: 128an area of 314 ft 2 would requir
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130In the case of the abovementione
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132FILLING SHAFTS AT CLOSED MINESFi
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134Hinderfeld G [1995]. Ventilation
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136To calculate the effectiveinert,
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138exhaust. The remaining diesel ex
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140required only 4 min. As a result
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142Figure 11-1.—Desorption test a
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144enclosed in a tunnel-like struct
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146Kolada RJ [1985]. Investigation
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148air in a 6-ft by 9-ft by 6.5-ft
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150represents flammable mixtures. F
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152• In Eastern Europe, petroleum
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154Category II applies to domal sal
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1562. Monitoring for gas and taking
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158These mines typically have large
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160Dave Graham is the safety and he
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162Figure 13-2.—Examples of metha
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164REFERENCESAndrews JN [1987]. Nob
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166APPENDIX A.—ONTARIO OCCUPATION
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169CHAPTER 14.—PREVENTING METHANE
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Ways to confirm the presence of gas
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173The tunnel face is usually venti
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175Figure 14-5.—TBM ventilation s
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face. While one of these elements a
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179ELIMINATING IGNITION SOURCESElec
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181INDEXAAbnormally gassy faces....
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183NNatural ventilation, coal silos
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Delivering on the Nation’s Promis
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Handbook for Methane Control in Mining - AMMSA

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