Handbook for Methane Control in Mining - AMMSA

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Cecala et al. found thatlocations A through Con the face side of theshearer gave the highestmethane concentrationsand were approximatelythe same value. However,the drawback witha location on the faceside of the shearer is thatthe methane monitor isprone to damage or toFigure 4–9.—Best methane monitor location.being covered with coal.Because of this, the bestchoice for a monitor location is usually at the gob-side tailgate-end of the machine, shown aslocation D in Figure 4–9. A monitor at location D is less likely to be damaged, covered withcoal, or soaked by water sprays. However, the measured methane concentration is 40%–50%lower than that measured at face-side locations A through C.61REFERENCESBritish Coal [1988]. Control of frictional ignitions and dust on shearers: notes for guidance.British Coal, Headquarters Technical Department, August.Browning EJ [1988]. Frictional ignitions. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International MineVentilation Congress (Brisbane, Queensland, Australia).Cecala AB, Jayaraman NI [1994]. Modified shearer-clearer system for dust and methanecontrol. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, IC 9404. NTIS No.PB95104873.Cecala AB, Jankowski RA, Kissell FN [1985a]. Determining face methane-liberation patternsduring longwall mining. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines,IC 9052. NTIS No. PB86156445.Cecala AB, Konda BW, Klinowski GW [1989]. A comparison of methane flow patterns onadvancing and retreating longwalls. In: Proceedings of the Fourth U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium(Berkeley CA, June 5–7, 1989).Cecala AB, O’Green J, Watson RW, Jankowski RA [1985b]. Reducing longwall face ignitions.World Min Equip Jan:44–46.Cecala AB, Rajan SR, Jankowski RA, Kissell FN [1986]. Cut longwall ignitions by loweringmethane concentrations at shearers. Coal Age 91(8):66–67.
62Cecala AB, Zimmer JA, Thimons ED [1993]. Determination of optimal longwall face methanemonitoring locations. In: Proceedings of the Sixth U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium (Salt LakeCity, UT, June 21–23, 1993).Courtney WG [1990]. Frictional ignition with coal mining bits. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Departmentof the Interior, Bureau of Mines, IC 9251. NTIS No. PB91110072.Denk JM, Wirth GJ [1991]. Evaluating methane emissions on an extended longwall face. In:Proceedings of the Fifth U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium (Morgantown WV, June 3–5, 1991).Phillips HR [1996]. Identify methods to reduce the risks of frictional ignition hazards. Finalproject report, project COL 226. Braamfontein, Republic of South Africa, Safety in MinesResearch Advisory Committee (SIMRAC) (www.simrac.co.za).Ruggieri SK, Muldoon TL, Babbitt C, Lee E [1985]. Improved diffuser and spray fan systemsfor ventilation of coal mine working faces. Waltham, MA: Foster-Miller Associates. U.S.Bureau of Mines contract No. J0113010. NTIS No. PB86168440.Ruggieri SK, Muldoon TL, Schroeder W, Babbitt C, Rajan S [1983]. Optimizing water spraysfor dust control on longwall shearer faces. Waltham, MA: Foster-Miller, Inc. U.S. Bureau ofMines contract No. J0308019. NTIS No. PB86205408.
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TMIC 9486Information Circular/2006H
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ORDERING INFORMATIONCopies of Natio
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ILLUSTRATIONS—ContinuedPage4-6. U
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HANDBOOK FOR METHANE CONTROL IN MIN
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4Below 5%, called the lower explosi
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6reduced pressure, except at very l
Page 15 and 16: 8Static electricity. Protection aga
Page 17 and 18: 10Figure 1-4.—Estimated methane c
Page 19 and 20: 12LAYERING OF METHANE AT THE MINE R
Page 21 and 22: 14good eyesight. 24methane level.Ot
Page 23 and 24: 16a material balance indicated that
Page 25 and 26: 18As an example, assume that themet
Page 27 and 28: 20Figure 1-10.—Relative frequency
Page 29 and 30: 22Davies AW, Isaac AK, Cook PM [200
Page 31 and 32: 24Margerson SNA, Robinson H, Wilkin
Page 33 and 34: CHAPTER 2.—SAMPLING FOR METHANE I
Page 35 and 36: 29USING PORTABLE METHANE DETECTORST
Page 37 and 38: Out-of-range gas concentrations in
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2-3.—Recorder chart from a
Page 41 and 42: 35Industrial Scientific Corp. [2004
Page 43 and 44: 38peaks, not the overallmethane lev
Page 45 and 46: 40hung on J-hook assemblies, which
Page 47 and 48: 42Methane dilution effectiveness.Th
Page 49 and 50: 44found that effective scrubber ope
Page 51 and 52: 46When the scrubber exhaust is not
Page 53 and 54: 48Methane monitors are usually moun
Page 55 and 56: 50to use radial bits instead of con
Page 57 and 58: 52Mott ML, Chuhta EJ [1991]. Face v
Page 59 and 60: 54Service, Centers for Disease Cont
Page 61 and 62: 56Methane accumulationsaround thesh
Page 63 and 64: 58corner and by 43% at supportNo. 4
Page 65: 60When using water sprays to reduce
Page 69 and 70: 64DESIGNING BLEEDER SYSTEMSAs part
Page 71 and 72: 66Caved area characteristics. The c
Page 73 and 74: 68then move this gas into the activ
Page 75 and 76: 70perform tests to determine whethe
Page 77 and 78: 72A major purpose of the bleeder sy
Page 79 and 80: 74• Inlets to the pillared area n
Page 81 and 82: 76REFERENCESCFR. Code of federal re
Page 83 and 84: 78Methane is released into each min
Page 85 and 86: 80Figure 6-1.—Gas content of coal
Page 87 and 88: 82Figure 6-3.—Simplified illustra
Page 89 and 90: 842. In-mine inclined or vertical b
Page 91 and 92: 861. Packed cavity method and its v
Page 93 and 94: 88Table 6-3.—Methane capture rati
Page 95 and 96: 90Early experiences with this metho
Page 97 and 98: 9211. At the surface installation (
Page 99 and 100: 94• Estimated cost for moderately
Page 101 and 102: 96Thakur PC [1981]. Methane control
Page 103 and 104: 98Anomalous, unanticipated methane
Page 105 and 106: 100Vertical methane drainage boreho
Page 107 and 108: 102Figure 7-2 shows a mine entry ap
Page 109 and 110: 104obvious solution to this problem
Page 111 and 112: 106Figure 7-8.—Hypothetical gas c
Page 113 and 114: 108Lama and Bodziony [1998] compile
Page 115 and 116: 110In-mine methane drainage systems
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112Iannacchione AT, Ulery JP, Hyman
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114More sophisticated reservoir eng
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116coal lithotype on gas content is
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118FORECASTING REMAINING GAS-IN-PLA
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120⎛ y⎞⎜⎛⎞ ⎛ ⎞= ⎜
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122emissions. The geometry and size
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124Reservoir models require a subst
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126King GR, Ertekin T [1989a]. A su
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128an area of 314 ft 2 would requir
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130In the case of the abovementione
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132FILLING SHAFTS AT CLOSED MINESFi
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134Hinderfeld G [1995]. Ventilation
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136To calculate the effectiveinert,
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138exhaust. The remaining diesel ex
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140required only 4 min. As a result
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142Figure 11-1.—Desorption test a
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144enclosed in a tunnel-like struct
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146Kolada RJ [1985]. Investigation
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148air in a 6-ft by 9-ft by 6.5-ft
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150represents flammable mixtures. F
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152• In Eastern Europe, petroleum
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154Category II applies to domal sal
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1562. Monitoring for gas and taking
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158These mines typically have large
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160Dave Graham is the safety and he
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162Figure 13-2.—Examples of metha
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164REFERENCESAndrews JN [1987]. Nob
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166APPENDIX A.—ONTARIO OCCUPATION
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169CHAPTER 14.—PREVENTING METHANE
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Ways to confirm the presence of gas
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173The tunnel face is usually venti
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175Figure 14-5.—TBM ventilation s
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face. While one of these elements a
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179ELIMINATING IGNITION SOURCESElec
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181INDEXAAbnormally gassy faces....
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183NNatural ventilation, coal silos
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Delivering on the Nation’s Promis
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