125REFERENCESChen H–Y, Teufel LW [2000]. A new rate-time type curve <strong>for</strong> analysis of tight-gas l<strong>in</strong>ear andradial flows. SPE paper 63094. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Eng<strong>in</strong>eers.Creedy DP [1986]. Methods <strong>for</strong> the evaluation of seam gas content from measurements on coalsamples. M<strong>in</strong> Sci Technol 3(2):141–160.Curl SJ [1978]. <strong>Methane</strong> prediction <strong>in</strong> coal m<strong>in</strong>es. London: IEA Coal Research.Diamond WP [1982]. Site-specific and regional geologic considerations <strong>for</strong> coalbed gas dra<strong>in</strong>age.Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of M<strong>in</strong>es, IC 8898. NTIS No.PB83157685.Diamond WP, Lev<strong>in</strong>e JR [1981]. Direct method determ<strong>in</strong>ation of the gas content of coal: proceduresand results. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of M<strong>in</strong>es, RI 8515.NTIS No. PB81196735.Diamond WP, Schatzel SJ [1998]. Measur<strong>in</strong>g the gas content of coal: a review. Int J Coal Geol35(1–4):311–331.Diamond WP, LaScola JC, Hyman DM [1986]. Results of direct-method determ<strong>in</strong>ation of thegas content of U.S. coalbeds. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of M<strong>in</strong>esIC 9067. NTIS No. PB86205325.Diamond WP, Ulery JP, Kravits SJ [1992]. Determ<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g the source of longwall gob gas: lowerKittann<strong>in</strong>g coalbed, Cambria County, PA. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Department of the Interior,Bureau of M<strong>in</strong>es, RI 9430.Hanby KP [1991]. The use of production profiles <strong>for</strong> coalbed methane valuation. Paper 9117.In: Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the International Coalbed <strong>Methane</strong> Symposium (Tuscaloosa, AL, May 13–16,1991). Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama.Itasca Consult<strong>in</strong>g Group [2000]. Fast Lagrangian analysis of cont<strong>in</strong>ua. 2nd ed. M<strong>in</strong>neapolis,MN: Itasca Consult<strong>in</strong>g Group, Inc.Karacan CO, Diamond WP, Esterhuizen GS, Schatzel SJ [2005]. Numerical analysis of theimpact of longwall panel width on methane emissions and per<strong>for</strong>mance of gob gas ventholes.In: Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the International Coalbed <strong>Methane</strong> Symposium (Tuscaloosa, AL, May 18–19,2005). Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama, pp. 1–28.Kim AG [1977]. Estimat<strong>in</strong>g methane content of bitum<strong>in</strong>ous coalbeds from adsorption data.Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of M<strong>in</strong>es, RI 8245. NTIS No.PB271218.K<strong>in</strong>g GR [1993]. Material balance techniques <strong>for</strong> coal seam and Devonian shale gas reservoirswith limited water <strong>in</strong>flux. SPE Reservoir Eng Feb:67–72.
126K<strong>in</strong>g GR, Ertek<strong>in</strong> T [1989a]. A survey of mathematical models related to methane productionfrom coal seams. Part 1: Empirical and equilibrium sorption models. In: Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of theInternational Coalbed <strong>Methane</strong> Symposium (Tuscaloosa, AL, April 17–21, 1989). Tuscaloosa,AL: University of Alabama, pp. 125–138.K<strong>in</strong>g GR, Ertek<strong>in</strong> T [1989b]. A survey of mathematical models related to methane productionfrom coal seams. Part 2: Nonequilibrium sorption models. In: Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the InternationalCoalbed <strong>Methane</strong> Symposium (Tuscaloosa, AL, April 17–21, 1989). Tuscaloosa, AL:University of Alabama, pp. 139–155.K<strong>in</strong>g GR, Ertek<strong>in</strong> T [1991]. State-of-the-art model<strong>in</strong>g <strong>for</strong> unconventional gas recovery. SPEFormation Eval Mar:63–71.Kissell FN, McCulloch CM, Elder CH [1973]. The direct method of determ<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g methane contentof coalbeds <strong>for</strong> ventilation design. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureauof M<strong>in</strong>es, RI 7767. NTIS No. PB221628.Lamberson MN, Bust<strong>in</strong> RM [1993]. Coalbed methane characteristics of Gates Formation coals,northeastern British Columbia: effect of maceral composition. AAPG Bull 77(12):2062–2076.Lunarzewski LW [1998]. Gas emission prediction and recovery <strong>in</strong> underground coal m<strong>in</strong>es.Int J Coal Geol 35(1–4):117–145.McFall KS, Wicks DE, Kuuskraa VA [1986]. A geologic assessment of natural gas from coalseams <strong>in</strong> the Warrior bas<strong>in</strong>, Alabama. Gas Research Institute, GRI Topical Report 86/0272.McLennan JD, Shafer PS, Pratt TJ [1995]. A guide to determ<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g coalbed gas content. GRI–94/0396. Chicago, IL: Gas Research Institute.Mucho TP, Diamond WP, Garcia F, Byars JD, Cario SL [2000]. Implications of recent NIOSHtracer gas studies on bleeder and gob gas ventilation design. SME prepr<strong>in</strong>t 00–8. Littleton, CO:Society <strong>for</strong> M<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc.Noack K [1998]. <strong>Control</strong> of gas emissions <strong>in</strong> underground coal m<strong>in</strong>es. Int J Coal Geol 35(1–4):57–82.Saulsberry JL, Shafer PS, Schraufnagel RA, eds. [1996]. A guide to coalbed methane reservoireng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g. GRI–94/0397. Chicago, IL: Gas Research Institute.Schatzel SJ, Garcia F, McCall FE [1992]. <strong>Methane</strong> sources and emissions on two longwallpanels of a Virg<strong>in</strong>ia coal m<strong>in</strong>e. In: Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the N<strong>in</strong>th Annual International PittsburghCoal Conference (Pittsburgh, PA, October 12–16, 1992), pp. 991–998.Ulery JP, Hyman DM [1991]. The modified direct method of gas content determ<strong>in</strong>ation:application and results. In: Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the International Coalbed <strong>Methane</strong> Symposium(Tuscaloosa, AL, May 13–16, 1991). Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama, pp. 489–500.
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TMIC 9486Information Circular/2006H
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ORDERING INFORMATIONCopies of Natio
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ILLUSTRATIONS—ContinuedPage4-6. U
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HANDBOOK FOR METHANE CONTROL IN MIN
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4Below 5%, called the lower explosi
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6reduced pressure, except at very l
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8Static electricity. Protection aga
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10Figure 1-4.—Estimated methane c
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12LAYERING OF METHANE AT THE MINE R
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14good eyesight. 24methane level.Ot
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16a material balance indicated that
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18As an example, assume that themet
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20Figure 1-10.—Relative frequency
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22Davies AW, Isaac AK, Cook PM [200
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24Margerson SNA, Robinson H, Wilkin
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CHAPTER 2.—SAMPLING FOR METHANE I
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29USING PORTABLE METHANE DETECTORST
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Out-of-range gas concentrations in
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Figure 2-3.—Recorder chart from a
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35Industrial Scientific Corp. [2004
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38peaks, not the overallmethane lev
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40hung on J-hook assemblies, which
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42Methane dilution effectiveness.Th
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44found that effective scrubber ope
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46When the scrubber exhaust is not
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48Methane monitors are usually moun
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50to use radial bits instead of con
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52Mott ML, Chuhta EJ [1991]. Face v
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54Service, Centers for Disease Cont
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56Methane accumulationsaround thesh
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58corner and by 43% at supportNo. 4
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60When using water sprays to reduce
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62Cecala AB, Zimmer JA, Thimons ED
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64DESIGNING BLEEDER SYSTEMSAs part
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66Caved area characteristics. The c
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68then move this gas into the activ
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70perform tests to determine whethe
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72A major purpose of the bleeder sy
- Page 79 and 80: 74• Inlets to the pillared area n
- Page 81 and 82: 76REFERENCESCFR. Code of federal re
- Page 83 and 84: 78Methane is released into each min
- Page 85 and 86: 80Figure 6-1.—Gas content of coal
- Page 87 and 88: 82Figure 6-3.—Simplified illustra
- Page 89 and 90: 842. In-mine inclined or vertical b
- Page 91 and 92: 861. Packed cavity method and its v
- Page 93 and 94: 88Table 6-3.—Methane capture rati
- Page 95 and 96: 90Early experiences with this metho
- Page 97 and 98: 9211. At the surface installation (
- Page 99 and 100: 94• Estimated cost for moderately
- Page 101 and 102: 96Thakur PC [1981]. Methane control
- Page 103 and 104: 98Anomalous, unanticipated methane
- Page 105 and 106: 100Vertical methane drainage boreho
- Page 107 and 108: 102Figure 7-2 shows a mine entry ap
- Page 109 and 110: 104obvious solution to this problem
- Page 111 and 112: 106Figure 7-8.—Hypothetical gas c
- Page 113 and 114: 108Lama and Bodziony [1998] compile
- Page 115 and 116: 110In-mine methane drainage systems
- Page 117 and 118: 112Iannacchione AT, Ulery JP, Hyman
- Page 119 and 120: 114More sophisticated reservoir eng
- Page 121 and 122: 116coal lithotype on gas content is
- Page 123 and 124: 118FORECASTING REMAINING GAS-IN-PLA
- Page 125 and 126: 120⎛ y⎞⎜⎛⎞ ⎛ ⎞= ⎜
- Page 127 and 128: 122emissions. The geometry and size
- Page 129: 124Reservoir models require a subst
- Page 133 and 134: 128an area of 314 ft 2 would requir
- Page 135 and 136: 130In the case of the abovementione
- Page 137 and 138: 132FILLING SHAFTS AT CLOSED MINESFi
- Page 139 and 140: 134Hinderfeld G [1995]. Ventilation
- Page 141 and 142: 136To calculate the effectiveinert,
- Page 143 and 144: 138exhaust. The remaining diesel ex
- Page 145 and 146: 140required only 4 min. As a result
- Page 147 and 148: 142Figure 11-1.—Desorption test a
- Page 149 and 150: 144enclosed in a tunnel-like struct
- Page 151 and 152: 146Kolada RJ [1985]. Investigation
- Page 153 and 154: 148air in a 6-ft by 9-ft by 6.5-ft
- Page 155 and 156: 150represents flammable mixtures. F
- Page 157 and 158: 152• In Eastern Europe, petroleum
- Page 159 and 160: 154Category II applies to domal sal
- Page 161 and 162: 1562. Monitoring for gas and taking
- Page 163 and 164: 158These mines typically have large
- Page 165 and 166: 160Dave Graham is the safety and he
- Page 167 and 168: 162Figure 13-2.—Examples of metha
- Page 169 and 170: 164REFERENCESAndrews JN [1987]. Nob
- Page 171 and 172: 166APPENDIX A.—ONTARIO OCCUPATION
- Page 174 and 175: 169CHAPTER 14.—PREVENTING METHANE
- Page 176 and 177: Ways to confirm the presence of gas
- Page 178 and 179: 173The tunnel face is usually venti
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175Figure 14-5.—TBM ventilation s
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face. While one of these elements a
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179ELIMINATING IGNITION SOURCESElec
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181INDEXAAbnormally gassy faces....
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183NNatural ventilation, coal silos
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Delivering on the Nation’s Promis