Handbook for Methane Control in Mining - AMMSA

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23Jones GW [1929]. Inflammability of mixed gases. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of theInterior, Bureau of Mines, TP 450.Kim AG [1977a]. Estimating the methane content of bituminous coalbeds from adsorption data.Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines RI 8245. NTIS No.PB271218.Kim AG [1977b]. Laboratory studies on spontaneous combustion of coal. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S.Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, IC 8756. NTIS No. PB274052.Kissell FN [1975]. The potential hazards of methane gas in oil shale mines. Q Colo Sch Mines70(4):19–27.Kissell FN, Bielicki RJ [1975]. Methane buildup hazards caused by dust scrubber recirculationat coal mine working faces: a preliminary estimate. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Department of theInterior, Bureau of Mines, RI 8015. NTIS No. PB240684.Kissell FN, Banfield JL, Dalzell RW, Zabetakis MG [1974]. Peak methane concentrationsduring coal mining: an analysis. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau ofMines, RI 7885. NTIS No. PB233424.Kissell FN, McCulloch CM, Elder CH [1973]. The direct method of determining methanecontent of coalbeds for ventilation design. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Department of the Interior,Bureau of Mines, RI 7767. NTIS No. PB221628.Kissell FN, Nagel AE, Zabetakis MG [1973]. Coal mine explosions: seasonal trends. Science173(Mar):891–892.Kuchta JM [1985]. Investigation of fire and explosion accidents in the chemical, mining, andfuel-related industries: a manual. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau ofMines, B 680. NTIS No. PB87113940.Lama RD [1988]. Adsorption and desorption of mixed gases on coal and their implications inmine ventilation. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Mine Ventilation Congress (Brisbane,Queensland, Australia, July 3–6, 1988), pp. 161–174.Lama RD, Bartosiewicz H [1982]. Determination of gas content of coal seams. In: Proceedingsof the Symposium on Seam Gas Drainage, With Particular Reference to the Working Seam(Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia, May 11–14, 1982), pp. 36–52.Le Chatelier H [1891]. Estimation of fire damp by inflammability limits. Ann Mines 19:388.Lin W, McPherson MJ, Loomis I [1997]. The ignition of methane and coal dust by compressionin collapsing gob areas. In: Dhar BB, Bhowmick BC, eds. Proceedings of the 27th InternationalConference of Safety in Mines Research Institutes. Vol. 1. New Delhi, India: Oxford & IBHPublishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., pp. 503–511.
24Margerson SNA, Robinson H, Wilkins HA [1953]. Ignition hazard from sparks frommagnesium-based alloys. Safety in Mines Research Establishment (U.K.), research reportNo. 75.Matta JE, LaScola JC, Kissell FN [1977]. Methane absorption in oil shale and its potential minehazard. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, RI 8243. NTIS No.PB271219.McLennan JD, Schafer PS, Pratt TJ [1995]. A guide to determining coalbed gas content.Chicago, IL: Gas Research Institute, GRI–94/0396.McPherson MJ [1995]. The adiabatic compression of air by large falls of roof. In: Wala AM,ed. Proceedings of the Seventh U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium. Lexington, KY: Universityof Kentucky, pp. 257–262.McPherson MJ [2002]. The Westray mine disaster. In: De Souza E, ed. Proceedings of theNorth American/Ninth U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium (Kingston, Ontario, Canada, June 8–12, 2002). Lisse, Netherlands: Balkema, pp. 3–12.NFPA [2000]. NFPA 77, static electricity: recommended practice. Quincy, MA: National FireProtection Association.Novak T, Fisher TJ [2000]. Lightning propagation through the earth and its potential formethane ignitions in abandoned areas of underground coal mines. In: Conference Record of the2000 IEEE Industry Applications Conference, 35th IAS Annual Meeting and World Conferenceon Industrial Applications of Electrical Energy (Rome, Italy, October 1–3, 2000), pp. 2674–2681.Pappas DM, Barton TM, Weiss ES [2002]. Developments in sealant support systems for groundcontrol. In: Peng SS, Mark C, Khair AW, Heasley KA, eds. Proceedings of the 21st InternationalConference on Ground Control in Mining. Morgantown, WV: West Virginia University,pp. 344–353.Powell F, Billinge K [1975]. The frictional ignition hazard associated with colliery rocks. TheMin Eng 174(Jul):527–531.Pritchard CJ [1995]. Preparatory work required for a long-term district recirculation test in agassy underground metal-nonmetal mine. In: Wala AM, ed. Proceedings of the Seventh U.S.Mine Ventilation Symposium. Lexington, KY, University of Kentucky, pp. 443–448.Raine EJ [1960]. Layering of firedamp in longwall working. Trans Inst Min Eng (U.K.)119(10):579–597.Richmond JK, Price GC, Sapko MJ, Kawenski EM [1983]. Historical summary of coal mineexplosions in the United States. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau ofMines, IC 8909. NTIS No. PB83184226.
Page 1 and 2: TMIC 9486Information Circular/2006H
Page 3 and 4: ORDERING INFORMATIONCopies of Natio
Page 5 and 6: ILLUSTRATIONS—ContinuedPage4-6. U
Page 8: HANDBOOK FOR METHANE CONTROL IN MIN
Page 11 and 12: 4Below 5%, called the lower explosi
Page 13 and 14: 6reduced pressure, except at very l
Page 15 and 16: 8Static electricity. Protection aga
Page 17 and 18: 10Figure 1-4.—Estimated methane c
Page 19 and 20: 12LAYERING OF METHANE AT THE MINE R
Page 21 and 22: 14good eyesight. 24methane level.Ot
Page 23 and 24: 16a material balance indicated that
Page 25 and 26: 18As an example, assume that themet
Page 27 and 28: 20Figure 1-10.—Relative frequency
Page 29: 22Davies AW, Isaac AK, Cook PM [200
Page 33 and 34: CHAPTER 2.—SAMPLING FOR METHANE I
Page 35 and 36: 29USING PORTABLE METHANE DETECTORST
Page 37 and 38: Out-of-range gas concentrations in
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2-3.—Recorder chart from a
Page 41 and 42: 35Industrial Scientific Corp. [2004
Page 43 and 44: 38peaks, not the overallmethane lev
Page 45 and 46: 40hung on J-hook assemblies, which
Page 47 and 48: 42Methane dilution effectiveness.Th
Page 49 and 50: 44found that effective scrubber ope
Page 51 and 52: 46When the scrubber exhaust is not
Page 53 and 54: 48Methane monitors are usually moun
Page 55 and 56: 50to use radial bits instead of con
Page 57 and 58: 52Mott ML, Chuhta EJ [1991]. Face v
Page 59 and 60: 54Service, Centers for Disease Cont
Page 61 and 62: 56Methane accumulationsaround thesh
Page 63 and 64: 58corner and by 43% at supportNo. 4
Page 65 and 66: 60When using water sprays to reduce
Page 67 and 68: 62Cecala AB, Zimmer JA, Thimons ED
Page 69 and 70: 64DESIGNING BLEEDER SYSTEMSAs part
Page 71 and 72: 66Caved area characteristics. The c
Page 73 and 74: 68then move this gas into the activ
Page 75 and 76: 70perform tests to determine whethe
Page 77 and 78: 72A major purpose of the bleeder sy
Page 79 and 80: 74• Inlets to the pillared area n
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76REFERENCESCFR. Code of federal re
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78Methane is released into each min
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80Figure 6-1.—Gas content of coal
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82Figure 6-3.—Simplified illustra
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842. In-mine inclined or vertical b
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861. Packed cavity method and its v
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88Table 6-3.—Methane capture rati
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90Early experiences with this metho
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9211. At the surface installation (
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94• Estimated cost for moderately
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96Thakur PC [1981]. Methane control
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98Anomalous, unanticipated methane
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100Vertical methane drainage boreho
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102Figure 7-2 shows a mine entry ap
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104obvious solution to this problem
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106Figure 7-8.—Hypothetical gas c
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108Lama and Bodziony [1998] compile
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110In-mine methane drainage systems
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112Iannacchione AT, Ulery JP, Hyman
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114More sophisticated reservoir eng
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116coal lithotype on gas content is
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118FORECASTING REMAINING GAS-IN-PLA
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120⎛ y⎞⎜⎛⎞ ⎛ ⎞= ⎜
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122emissions. The geometry and size
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124Reservoir models require a subst
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126King GR, Ertekin T [1989a]. A su
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128an area of 314 ft 2 would requir
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130In the case of the abovementione
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132FILLING SHAFTS AT CLOSED MINESFi
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134Hinderfeld G [1995]. Ventilation
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136To calculate the effectiveinert,
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138exhaust. The remaining diesel ex
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140required only 4 min. As a result
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142Figure 11-1.—Desorption test a
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144enclosed in a tunnel-like struct
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146Kolada RJ [1985]. Investigation
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148air in a 6-ft by 9-ft by 6.5-ft
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150represents flammable mixtures. F
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152• In Eastern Europe, petroleum
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154Category II applies to domal sal
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1562. Monitoring for gas and taking
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158These mines typically have large
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160Dave Graham is the safety and he
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162Figure 13-2.—Examples of metha
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164REFERENCESAndrews JN [1987]. Nob
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166APPENDIX A.—ONTARIO OCCUPATION
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169CHAPTER 14.—PREVENTING METHANE
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Ways to confirm the presence of gas
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173The tunnel face is usually venti
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175Figure 14-5.—TBM ventilation s
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face. While one of these elements a
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179ELIMINATING IGNITION SOURCESElec
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181INDEXAAbnormally gassy faces....
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183NNatural ventilation, coal silos
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Delivering on the Nation’s Promis
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