Universal-Womens-accesss-to-justice-Publications-Practitioners-Guide-Series-2016-ENG

192 PRACTITIONERS GUIDE No. 12
Making offensive comments about the victim on the
internet;
Sharing intimate photographs or video footage without
permission;
Loitering/waiting by the victim’s home, school or
workplace;
Following the victim around; and
Interfering with or damaging the victim’s property.
Stalking can sometimes last a number of years. 514 It is often
combined with other forms of violence, for example, sexual
violence and domestic violence.
Sexual harassment
The Istanbul Convention defines sexual harassment as
unwanted behaviour that has the purpose or effect of:
Violating a person’s dignity; or
Creating for that person an intimidating, hostile,
degrading, humiliating or offensive environment. 515
Under the Istanbul Convention, sexual harassment must be
made “subject to criminal or other legal sanction.” 516 Other
forms of harassment, such as those related to the victim’s race,
sexual orientation and age, are also the subject of legal
sanction in many jurisdictions, for example in the context of
labour law. 517 Although sexual harassment law has been
traditionally associated with labour-related offences, States
have over time recognized the harms caused by analogous
behaviour in a variety of situations, resulting legislation in
514
European Agency for Fundamental Rights Report, above note 508,
page 93.
515
Istanbul Convention, above note 509, Article 40.
516
Ibid, Article 40.
517
See, for example, Equality and Human Rights Commission of
England and Wales, “Avoiding and dealing with harassment”, URL:
http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/yourrights/employment/equality-work/managing-workers/avoiding-anddealing-harassment.